Utos Ng Hari

JULIUS MARCOS SISON #381 Coloong II, Valenzuela City Email Address: [email  protected] com Contact Number: 09215649835/09357762293 OBJECTIVE To utilize the knowledge I produced in the field of Mathematics major in Business Application, and to show my skills and to perform my suitable ability in your company. PERSONAL BACKGROUND Birthday:July 02, 1994 Birthplace:Valenzuela City Age:18 years old Gender:Male Height:5’5† Weight:55 kg. Religion:Roman Catholic Citizenship:Filipino Languages:Tagalog and English Blood Type :(O) EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Tertiary :BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITYBachelor of Science in Mathematics (Business Application) Malolos, Bulacan 2010-Present Secondary:POLO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Valenzuela, City 2006 – 2010 Primary:Coloong Elementary School Valenzuela, City 2000 – 2006 RELEVANT SKILLS * Business Oriented * Efficiency in Microsoft Application such as Ms. Office and Exel. * Negotiation Skills and sound communication skill to interact with customers. ACHIVEMENT * Best Marketing Booth in the Marketing Trade fair February 20, 2013 TRAININGS AND SEMINARS ATTENDED * Career Building for On – the – Job Trainees AVR – Federizo Hall Bulacan State UniversityFebruary 21, 2013 * Formulating of Marketing Strategies : A Mathematical Strategies AVR – Federizo Hall Bulacan State University February 19, 2013 * The Role of Statistic in Business Planning AVR – Federizo Hall Bulacan State University February 21, 2012 CHARACTER REFERENCE Mr. Joselito S. Roque Instructor Bulacan State University – College of Science Mrs. Lucita M. Santiago Teacher Malinta Elementary School Mr. Wilfredo Ramos Brgy. Chairman Coloong II, Valenzuela City I hereby certify that the above information are true and correct to the best of my knowledge. JULIUS MARCOS SISON Applicant

Implementing the E-World Essay

Technology in the past years has develop rapidly and has help people learn and develop new ways to do different things that used to take a lot of hard work and time. IT gives business new ways to compete and more tools for employees to get the job done. Nowadays is easier for employees to use IT since everybody is familiar with new technologies such as smart phones, tablets, laptops, software, hardware and networking and many other incredible programs and devices that make our world interconnected and easier to live in. In order to success in today’s world, companies are aware that they need to use the best e-business possible to give customers the best services and products. At the same time, having a portable device means that employees can work 24/7 without even feeling it. IT has help develop products, information and also shortened the time of hard work. Companies have multiple office locations and the presence of high technology has help employees communicate and share data inside the company to work at their best. A disadvantage in the e-world would be the availability of internet. In some parts of the world internet access is not available or is too slow to download data or communicate with employees in the other side of the world. In the other hand, this is changing and is just a small percentage of consumers. These days’ companies join the e-world in order to be able to compete with other companies. IT facilitates work and also helps companies to differentiate from others. With the use of the internet, employees are able to look all over the world for cheaper and better supplies or even learn from others. Definitely, a company without the right technology would not be able to success in todays globalize world. Implementing e-world is a very important task for all of us. It will leads us to better things, improving our ways to communicate and facilitating jobs with many different software, hardware and networks. Businesses would be able to save money since employees would do the job faster and with more information. At the same time employees may be able to work from home or even on their way to a business meeting. E-business helps business promote their product, establish a relationship with customers and inform customers about the company. Customers are more dependent to technology because it simplifies their lives. We live in an e-world because we as customers and owners of businesses depend on technology. In order to compete in today world, organizations must deal with IT. Dealing with IT means that organizations must learn how to manage three types of IT resources; technology infrastructure, human resources and business/ IT relationships (Brown et al. 5). Technology infrastructure involves build, plan and operate computers and software and hardware to share data between units and business alliances (Brown et al. 5). Human resources means that organizations must find the best personnel not only in IT but also have a mix of business knowledge and interpersonal skills (Brown et al. ). Business/IT relationship connects business and IT workers. This means that the IT department is working on programs that would benefit the organization (Brown et al 6. ) To conclude, every well establish company has invest in IT given that organizations are aware that e-business is elemental in today’s e-world in order to compete. Every day the use of internet, portable devices and software is increasing and people are depending more in technology. Managing IT is the key for organizations in order to success.

Consumer behavior Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Consumer behavior - Assignment Example Thus a study and understanding of this topic can be realized to be of most value to the marketers who need to understand the behavior of the consumers in order to target their minds accordingly (Blythe, 2008, pp.3-8). The need for understanding the behavior of the consumers is mostly needed by marketers since it helps to identify the psychology of the consumers for particular products available in the market. Also the influence of the products and their brands on the consumers can be determined. This enables the marketers to identify and target their customers accordingly realizing their choices and preferences, their lifestyles, their income and ways of expenditure, and mentalities towards particular products or services (Role of Consumer Behaviour in Marketing, 2012). An important feature of marketing is the marketing mix that refers to the plans and ideas combined and represented by marketing representative intending to promote a specific product or a brand. The different elements of marketing mix include, in association with the product, the product, price, place, promotion, people, process, and physical evidence (Marketing Mix- Meaning and Its Elements, 2012). The present study focuses on an understanding of the marketing stimuli that influences consumer behavior, the marketing mix stimuli that are formed in order to influence the behavior and responses of the consumers, their obvious behaviors, their emotions and feelings in association with products available in the markets. In other words, the cognitive response, affective response and behavioral responses of the consumers would be studies. Marketing Mix and Cognitive Response of Consumers: Cognitive response of a human being refers to the behavior that emerges from persuasive communication with another party (Cognitive Response Theory, 2000). Thus in regard to marketing and the use of marketing mix, the cognitive response of the consumer can b realized to be the one that is obtained as a result of the persuasion that the marketing mix is capable of presenting in front of the consumers. There are different theoretical approaches to understand the behavior of consumers. One of these is the cognitive approach. This approach attributes behavior or the action that may be observed to intrapersonal cognition. In this regard, an individual is considered as a processor of information. It is observed and discussed that the environment as well as the social knowledge that an individual experiences are influential on the behavior of the consumer. In other words, the environmental and social stimuli are received by the consumers as inputs for different products depending on which their purchasing decisions may vary (Bray, n.d., p.6). A response model may be illustrated as provided in the following figure: Figure 1: Stilumus-Organism- Response Model of Decision Making (Bray, n.d., p.7). According to the above figure, there lies a linear relationship between the stages of stimuli, organism and response where the external stimuli that act upon the individuals include the environment and society. Studies by modern theorists â€Å"acknowledge that information processing is conducted by an active organism whose past experience will influence not only the processing of such information but even what information is sought and received† (Bray, n.d., p.7).

Study of Starbucks business strategy 02224 Essay - 1

Study of Starbucks business strategy 02224 - Essay Example The paper will discuss in details the external and internal environment of the company so as to develop an analysis of its business strategy. Starbucks driving force has been their ability to provide a premium product mix of good quality snacks and beverages. Moreover, they have managed to outsource the best quality of coffee and its related products. Besides having the products of high quality, they have managed to ensure that each customer has a unique experience (Foroohar, 2015).Being in an industry with many competitors, their quality of customer service and company culture have enabled them win customer loyalty. The management of the company values its relationship with other parties in their line of business. The human resource management has been very influential towards maintaining strong internal and external relationships (WORLDCITY, 2014). Good relationships with suppliers have ensured actualization of their business strategies such as constant expansion and developing a good reputation (Starbucks Corporation, 2014). Good management of their labor force has ensured production of high quality products and services and timely services. Constant employee training and highly selective recruitment of new employee ensures that they have a reliable team of employees. According to a report by the Fortune magazine, Starbucks was rated as91 in the best 100 places to work in (Fortune Magazine, 2013). Starbucks has heavily invested in local expansion and globalization. According to their 2014 end year financial reports, they have managed to acquire a 36.7% market share in the United States (Starbucks Corporation, 2014).This shows that their brand is well recognized, and hence they have strong market position. The company has licensed its brands logo and thus ensuring thus solidifying their market position and brand recognition. Internationalization has helped Starbucks grow economically (Grant, 2005). Due to long term

Zeno's Paradox of Achilles and the Tortoise Essay

Zeno's Paradox of Achilles and the Tortoise - Essay Example By our perception of motion, we know that Achilles is faster than the tortoise and thus he can easily overcome the tortoise in any race. We can physically prove our initial hypothesis that Achilles can beat the tortoise in a race and see that Achilles will at some point outrun the tortoise by the distance he has covered in leaps and bounds. Space or distance has always been measured by our senses; our eyes can visibly see that the distance traveled by Achilles is indeed greater than that of the tortoise. But this is what Zeno intends to postulate in the first place: our senses should be discredited as they are illusory and motion is logically impossible. Zeno’s paradox about the footrace of the tortoise and Achilles is built on one basic assumption: that the race between these two has no goal or each runner cannot reach their goal. In that case, the tortoise and Achilles’ course of movement extends to infinity and this is where the absurdity lies; there is no race that extends to infinity else the tortoise and Achilles would forever be moving forward and there would be no race at all. This dialectic reasoning of Zeno implies that Achilles will never catch the tortoise in a footrace, but the deeper implication of this paradox lies in the conclusion that no thing, for example a tortoise, or no one, in general, has a limit. As grandiose as this profound and philosophical conclusion is, Zeno’s paradox suggests that man’s abilities are limitless, very great in amount and degree, or boundless, having no apparent end. This paradox about man then puts forward a notion that his actions extend through an infinite amount of time and space. Our actions cover far greater than our senses can perceive; they extend to the end of time and the end of the universe. This claim becomes practically absurd because we know that time and the universe has no end to begin with while man has through his own death. Going back to Zeno’s paradox, his conclusion

Choose Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Choose - Annotated Bibliography Example African Americans have always suffered according to the book Gates, Henry L. Life Upon These Shores: Looking at African American History, 1513-2008. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2011. Print. It illustrates some of the troubles they encountered as slaves and soldiers in the 1800s. these issues are also seen in The Revolution as majority of the colored soldiers are not allowed to hold special weapons as they are not qualified and they are black. They are not given the opportunity to escape from the war as their fellow soldiers kill them. Both the movie and the book explain this. The Revolution also indicates that slaves were sometimes confused on the people they supported. This is further explained by the book Smith, Gene A. The Slaves Gamble: Choosing Sides in the War of 1812. , 2013. Print. They were sometimes offered freedom by their enemies or even enticed by money and property. The movie indicates that some of the slaves took the offer only to realize that it was all lies. They found themselves being treated as slaves or even sold as prisoners of war to their previous owners. Smith also indicates that some of the African American who fought in the war of 1812 did not receive compensation or rewards for their participation in the war. Wilson, Joseph T, and Dudley T. Cornish. The Black Phalanx: African American Soldiers in the War of Independence, the War of 1812, and the Civil War. New York: Da Capo Press, 1994. Print, shows that the participation of the African Americans in the war changed a lot of things. For instance, both the movie and the book indicate that the whites started to view them differently. They started to treat them as their fellow human beings and not slaves. There are others who were viewed as brothers to the soldiers. This is seen in the movie as one of the soldiers share a meal with one of the slaves.

C.P. Ellis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

C.P. Ellis - Essay Example He worked day in and day out and even worked in the week ends in order to gain some extra money but ended up being angry, annoyed and frustrated as he saw little success. With all these efforts that he had been putting, he was not even able to break even, that is to say, he was not even able generate enough income to sustain himself. With all this building up inside him, he did not know who to blame for all that was happening and who should be held responsible for his failures, one after the other. He wanted to vent out the anger and frustration upon something. Blaming the situation or the country could not help because it can not be personified. With this at his background, he joined the Klan which was meant for the anti black movement in order to 'hate' them in a formalized manner. The fact that his father was also a member of the Klan once upon a time and that his initial mental makeup was done up by his father, he was more inclined towards joining the Klan. While doing this, he assumed that this would solve his problems that he was seeing at personal level. Many members of the klan were of lower income and education and they joined it because it gave them a platform for hating and opposing the blacks, which they could not do in an equally efficient manner when they were individuals. Also, the Klan gave Ellis a certain kind of respect and recognition that he was deeply longing for, and which he had not received till date. When Ellis took the oath in the presence of more than four hundred Klan members, he felt certain kind of satisfaction for being respected and honored. 3. How did C.P. Ellis's assumptions about the Klan and those who were in power change Why did they change Ellis took great honor himself with the fact that the municipal council members would call him up from their side in late hours and spoke to him in person. He had a certain sense of importance felt with this and thus felt good about that because he had never received any such treatment when he had not joined the Klan. However, at one instance, he realized that the behavior of the municipal council men was not the same in public as it is in the private. He felt that the people in the power would avoid him in public so their associations are not revealed. This was the first instance when Ellis found that something was wrong with the people in power. He felt that the people who were in power were using the groups of black and the white by dividing them and then with their support they would be in power. Both the groups were being used against each other in order to achieve their motive. By keeping them engaged in fighting the council men made it sure that none came up to a level where they would have to share the power with them because they were unwilling to part from the wealth and the power that they were enjoying. When he tried to put this point through in the Klan meetings, he was unable to make people convince and think the way he was. Fellow members of the Klan would no believe that the people in the council were not really working fro the whites but were using them. This make Ellis

Quesions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Quesions - Assignment Example The other type of leadership is bureaucratic leadership where the leaders follow the set rules and regulations rigorously and the same goes for their followers (Class Notes, 2015). This type of leadership is most common in organizations, government agencies and industries. The other type is the delegative leadership, also known as the Laissez-Faire type of leadership. The leaders who use this type of leadership do not offer any assistance to the followers and in most cases the followers are their own supervisors. The followers make their own decisions and carry-out their activities without too much supervision. Among these leadership styles, I believe that I am suited well as a democratic leader. For example, when I join study groups I tend to prefer it when everyone participates in solving the academic problems even though the teacher has the final say about solutions we get. I am aware that such type of leadership ensures that followers are motivated because they feel like they are part of the decision made. It also makes followers feel extremely important in a group or in organizations which results to increased commitment and work output or performance for students. The challenges are there because I know most followers under his type of leadership tend to be less productive than those who may be in an authoritarian group. The climate of a campus is critically important for the success of students (Gorton & Alston, 2011). By climate, this refers to a school environment that is like to foster the continuity and successful learning process. Hence, if the climate is favorable for students and teachers, learning becomes a continuous process and success is guaranteed when students and teachers do their best. For example, if there are riots in a school the teachers and students are not in a good position to undertake their tasks. Teachers cannot teach when students are rioting and students also hamper their learning process. There are

Geography Rivers Essay Example for Free

Geography Rivers Essay 1. The speed and volume of a river varies from place to place along a rivers course because of many reasons. In the upper course, the volume of water is low as there are few tributaries. In comparison, the volume of water in the middle course is higher as there are more tributaries supplying water to the main river channel. The volume of water in the lower course is the highest as the lower course has the most tributaries. However, many other factors will also affect the volume of water in the river. More permeable rocks will result in less surface runoff, thus a lower volume of water. Less permeable rocks will then have more surface runoff, thus a higher volume of water. Vegetation on land such as trees and plants also affects the volume of water, as vegetation intercepts rain. The upper course usually has more vegetation, while the lower courses have less vegetation intercepting precipitation. Sparse vegetation results in less water infiltrating the ground, thus there will be more surface runoff, resulting in a larger volume of water. The climate of the particular area will affect the volume of water in a river too. The volume of water varies for wet and dry seasons as the amount of rainfall changes. Generally, in hot and wet equatorial or tropical area, there is a higher volume of water as compared to dry areas such as deserts. Lastly, the size of the drainage basin will affect the volume of a river. The bigger the size of land area drained by the main river and its tributaries, the higher the volume of water as there is more collection of rainwater compared to a smaller drainage basin which has less surface area for rain to fall on. The speed of the river, is affected by the gradient of the river. In the upper course, the gradient of the river is steep, thus the water is fast-flowing. In the middle and lower courses, the gradient is gentler, thus the water flows more slowly. The roughness of the river channel also affects the speed of the water in a river. Generally, the upper course has a rougher river channel while the middle and lower courses have a smoother river channel. When the river bed is uneven and has a large number of obstacles such as rocks, boulders and plants, there is more friction, causing the water to flow more slowly. The wetted perimeter of the river affects the speed of the water too. The wetted perimeter of the water is the size of the river channel in contact with the water. The upper course has usually a smaller wetted perimeter while the middle course has a larger wetted perimeter. The lower course has the largest wetted perimeter. A larger wetted perimeter decreases the speed of the water due to the friction generated as with more of the river channel being in contact with the rivers water. 2.a) Transport process A is suspension. Suspension occurs when small particles such as silt or clay-sized particles are carried within the water by turbulent flow. Transport process B is traction, and occurs when large boulders or rocks rolled along the river bed. Transport process C is saltation, where small pebbles and stones are bounced or hopped along the river bed. b) Solution is not shown in the figure. Solution is a river transport process in which minerals are dissolved in the water and carried in solution. As the minerals are dissolved in the water and thus invisible to the naked eye, it then cannot be shown in the figure. 3.a) There are 4 main processes of river erosion, including hydraulic action, corrasion, attrition and solution. Hydraulic action is the removing and dislodging of rocks from the bed and banks of the river by the sheer force of the running water. Corrasion, or abrasion, is the grinding of rock fragments carried by the river against the bed and banks of the river. This action both widens and deepens the river channel. Attrition is the knocking of rock fragments in the water against one another. In the process, the rocks become smaller and rounder as the sharp edges are grounded. Through time, rocks become grain sized silt, clay and other sediments. Solution is the process by which river water reacts chemically with soluble minerals in the rocks and dissolves them. For example, when a river stream flows over an area of limestone, it erodes the limestone by reacting chemically with it and dissolves it.

Depends on Writer Essay Example for Free

Depends on Writer Essay Many countries, including the United States, are currently struggling with two apparently conflicting objectives, that is how to make newcomers and native minorities feel they have equal opportunity to pursue the American Dream, while at the same time convincing the native majority that policies crafted to help others are not discriminating against their own rights and opportunities. The two main policy thrusts used by governments, schools and other institutions designed to promote racial diversity and integration are race conscious and color blind. Race conscious and color blind are not mutually exclusive, but two ends of a continuum. At the one end an example of a race conscious policy would be if race was the sole distinguishing factor deciding whether one candidate is selected over another and there is a quota for members of a specified race. For example assume two candidates of different races for military promotion both meet the required minimum standard. An extreme race conscious policy would dictate that the person from the race considered disadvantaged would be promoted even if less meritorious. On the other hand under a completely color blind policy, race would play absolutely no part, and the best candidate would be promoted . In between is a situation where race is only one factor to be considered and the candidate of the disadvantaged race would be promoted only if the sum total of his merits was considered at least equal to that of the other candidate. Race was the deciding factor to break the tie so to speak Also in the middle scenario there is no set quota for those considered disadvantaged, only a vague goal that they would be in sufficient numbers that they wouldn’t feel isolated. For the disadvantaged color blind policies tend to promote the status quo in that because their color is often associated with other negative factors such as poverty, limited educational opportunities and cultural limitations, they find it difficult to compete and get ahead. Racial inequalities are thus perpetuated and racial identities more starkly contrasted. In other words the discontented tend to feel its’ â€Å"them versus us†. On the other hand, race conscious policies can make the dominant group feel that in efforts to improve opportunities for the disadvantaged, their rights are infringed. In effect they can feel they are victims of reverse discrimination. They believe their rights are threatened, and are now suffering racial inequalities because of efforts to help the previously disadvantaged. They also fear losing their status as the dominant race. The Asian American Legal Foundation brief advocated color blind policies on the grounds that race conscious policies favoring only designated races were prejudicial to the interests of groups they represent such as the Chinese in San Francisco. While accepting the goal of racial diversity, they argued as the dominant race in this area, the school placements there should reflect this reality. That is, they should not be capped at 40% in order to accommodate specifically designated and therefore preferred disadvantaged races nationwide. They argued that this was discriminating against them as the dominant race in the area, and that there was no compelling reason to assist minorities, at least not to the extent where their placements exceeded their proportion of the local population. They also argued that having separate Chinese schools was not the answer, as this was counter to the goal of racial diversity, and tended to encourage inferior facilities. Conversely, the military brief advocated race conscious policies in order to develop a racially divers officer corps. They argued that while blacks were recruited into the military in large numbers immediately after World War II, they tended to stagnate in the lower ranks because of poor education, prejudice and other reasons. Thus in the 1960s and 1970s, a mainly white officer corps was in charge of a substantially black lower ranks, resulting in low morale and racial tension. In fact this situation was considered to have a detrimental affect on the ability to fight in Vietnam. While there is now a larger percentage of black officers, the brief argues that race conscious policies need to be continued to have the percentage of black officers comparable to that of enlisted men to have a cohesive, effective fighting force. Therefore the brief argues that there is a compelling government necessity justifying the need for a race conscious policy. If the Supreme Court decides the Grutter case on the basis of the military brief, that is, that race conscious policies are justified, she would of course continue to be denied a place at the University of Michigan, and most likely this would also apply to the other perspective white students. Naturally this would fuel the notion that they were subject to unequal access and therefore suffering from racial reverse discrimination. On the other hand if the case is decided on the basis of the American Legal Foundation brief, she and many other whites would probably be accepted at the university. However, designated disadvantaged races would likely feel that their quest for equality and racial status was still not being adequately addressed. Although Gruther felt she was being discriminated against, the Court’s decision upholding Michigan Law School’s affirmative action policy for admissions, shows that it agrees with the school’s stated intention to redress historical and current discrimination, which I believe in fact was the school’s honest purpose. By considering race as only one of the factors in deciding whether to enroll prospective students, I believe this is an appropriate middle ground between a pure race conscious and color blind policy. I also believe that this policy will help realize social equality, and once people from different races achieve success roughly proportional to their numbers, the policy will no longer be necessary, hopefully within 25 years. Works Cited Nos. 02-241 and 02-516 In The Supreme Court of The United States. Grutter, Barbara (Petitioner) v. Lee Bollinger et al (Respondents)

Strategies to Motivate Employees

Strategies to Motivate Employees INTRODUCTION Motivation of employees in the workplace is one of the fundamental responsibilities of a manager, in order to achieve high levels of productivity, to satisfy the ever changing customer needs, and to withstand the increasing global competition. Management motivates the organizational members to make the most of the scarce resources by distributing awards to outstanding employees and perhaps punishing those showing unacceptable performance. Steers (1987) stated that â€Å"A comprehensive theory of motivation at work must address itself to at least three important sets of variables which constitute the work situation, i.e. the characteristics of the individual, the characteristics of the job and the characteristics of the work environment†. (Blue†¦) Motivation is a tool, often used by the managers to catalyze the avidness of the employees to work without pressure. Various motivational theories have been used since decades to stimulate the workforce in achieving extraordinary results in all fields of work. To motivate the employees, the managers should understand that different people have different set of needs and understanding, and therefore, should be able to use the right mix of motivational theories depending on different individuals, different societies, and different organizational levels. Use of analogous motivation methods may lead to frustration, resentment and a perception of inequity for employees from a diverse culture. (cited from CULTURAL VALUES IN RELATION TO EQUITY SENSTIVITY WITHIN AND ACROSS CULTURES, KENNETH G. WHEELER) Taking this into consideration the managers should apply their knowledge of the various motivational theories to improve the workplace performance. It would depend on different societies, different individuals, and different organizational or job levels. There is not probably a universal motivator for all mankind, nor is there a single motivating force for any one individual. It is a problem of what mixture of needs for what kind of people in what kind of society. In Hong Kong, for example, there is no doubt that money is a predominant motivator with regard to both the lower level need satisfaction and the fulfilment of status and achievement goals. Employee motivation or motivation of organizational members is one of the critical functions of a manager, because there is a persistently increasing pressure for increased productivity in order to meet competition, to best utilize the scarce resources, and to provide goods and services to more and more people at less and less cost Organizations motivate their workforce to perform effectively by offering them rewards for satisfactory performance and perhaps punishing them for unsatisfactory performance. Motivation is the catalyst that spurns employees eagerness to work without pressure. To motivate is to provide employees with a motive to do some tasks. It is to cause or provoke somebody to act either positively or negatively. Motivation has been used by effective managers to prompt ordinary people to achieve uncommon results in all fields of endeavours People work because they have goals to achieve which surpass financial gains from their employment. Maslow (1943) said that people work to survive and live through financial compensation, to make new friends, to have job security, for a sense of achievement and to feel important in the society, to have a sense of identity, and most especially to have job satisfaction. All employees that have job satisfaction are high performers in their respective workplaces. Theories of Motivation Motivational theories are broadly segregated based on two grounds. The one dealing with the scientific approach such as Equity and Expectancy theory are called process theories and those showcasing the inner drive of an employee that motivates them to work such as Maslows (1954) hierarchy of needs and Herzbergs (1959) two factor theory are called content theories. The below mentioned section will highlight more about these theories. MOTIVATION THEORIES Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow (1954) presented the hierarchy of needs and divided them into two groups; deficiency and incremental needs. The deficiency needs includes the biological, safety, belongingness and social needs whereas the incremental needs comprises of the esteem and self actualization needs (Citation: Huitt, W. (2004). Maslows hierarchy of needs. Educational Psychology Interactive. Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State University. Retrieved [date] from, http://chiron.valdosta.edu/whuitt/col/regsys/maslow.html. Return to:). Maslow proposed that as an individual develops they work towards achieving these needs, arranged in a certain hierarchy and unless the deficiency needs are satisfied the growth needs will have less or no relevance (http://home.ubalt.edu/tmitch/642/Articles%20syllabus/steers%20et%20al%20future%20of%20wk%20mot%20Ac%20Mgt%20rev%202004.pdf). According to Maslows â€Å"Needs Hierarchy Theory†, â€Å"as the person satisfies a lower-level need, the next higher need in the h ierarchy becomes the primary motivator and remains so even if never satisfied† (McShane and Travaglione, 2007, p. 140). An urge to satisfy these needs motivates an employee to bring out the best performance in all endeavor of work. Although Maslow theory of Motivation received a lot of attention , however most of Maslows work has been criticized by people who applied the theory practically for work motivation( hall and nougaim 1968, cited in The Individual In The Economy: A Text Book Of Economic psychology by S.E.G. Lea, Roger M. Tarpy, Paul Webley). Also there is lack of evidence that the level of hierarchy precedes each other and will increase the importance of the next one if the latter is satisfied (wabha and Bridwell , 1974 cited in The Individual In The Economy: A Text Book Of Economic psychology by S.E.G. Lea, Roger M. Tarpy, Paul Webley). Finally there is an increasing evidence that Maslows â€Å"Hierarchy† of â€Å" Needs† are quiet unique and they cannot be applied universally because an individuals need will vary with location, values and beliefs (Haslam, Powell, and Turner, 2000, p. 319 339, Locke, 2000, p. 408-429 cited in McShane and Travaglione, 2007, p. 141). Davis and Filly comme nt, â€Å"†¦the exact order of priority may vary somewhat between persons†¦.† (Davis and Filly, 1963, cited in Dye, Mills, and Weatherbee, 2005, p. 1377).an example is required EQUITY THEORY Adams (1963, 1965) developed a motivation model based on to the comparison of oneself with others in context to the output input ratio at work. Equity is achieved when the input and output ratio is the same for different individuals. The employees of a firm try to compare their own ratio with that of others (Adams, 1963, p. 422-436, cited in McShane and Travaglione, 2007, p. 154). Thus get either get motivated if they think that the results are rational or else they get de motivated if they think that there is a lack of fairness in the work outcome. The major challenge lies with the managers to allocate a right mix of input and output considering a diverse global workforce so as to maintain equity in the organization. For instance, Dutch researchers found that pay inequity leads to negative behavior and frustration (Van Dierendonck et al, 1994; Van Y Peren et al, 1992) whereas Australian studies show that the situation results in lower job satisfaction (Carr et al., 1996). EXPECTANCY THEORY Expectancy theory suggests that an individual acts through self interest and adopts a pathway of actions which he perceives will maximize the chances of desirable results for themselves (Isaac, Wilfred, and Pitt, 2001, p. 212). The theory is based on three components; valence, expectancy and instrumentality. Vroom (1964, p. 15) defined valence as an â€Å"affective orientations toward particular outcomes†. Expectancy refers to a momentary belief of an individual that a stated level of performance will follow a particular outcome. Finally, instrumentality is related to an individuals expectations that â€Å"if she or he behaves in a certain way, he or she will get certain things† (Nadler and Lawler, 1997, p. 218). Expectancy theory is thus grounded on the fact that the work performance is directed towards individual behaviors that people perceive, will lead them to the desired outcomes (McShane and Travaglione, 2007, p. 146). HERZBERGS â€Å"TWO FACTOR THEORY† Herzberg ‘s (1959) Motivation- Hygiene or two factor theory suggest that the intrinsic and the extrinsic aspects of a job are different from each other. The theory breaks job satisfaction into two factors: Motivation and Hygiene factors. Motivators relates to the intrinsic factors such as responsibility, recognition, achievement and the work profile. On the other hand hygiene factors are associated with the extrinsic factors such as remuneration, working environment, policies of the organization and position ((Manolopoulos, 2008, p. 66). Herzberg(1959) suggest that job satisfaction and dissatisfaction are two different independent variables. According to the theory job dissatisfaction is an outcome followed by lack of hygiene factors. However, even their presence dosent motivates or satisfies the work force. On the other hand motivation factors acted as elements to enrich an individuals job. Motivation factors had long term positive effects on the workforce performance whereas hygiene factors had a short term impact on the attitude and performance of the employees (Gawel Joseph E. (1997). Herzbergs theory of motivation and Maslows hierarchy of needs. Practical Assessment, Research Evaluation, 5(11). Retrieved August 18, 2009 from http://PAREonline.net/getvn.asp?v=5n=11 . This paper has been viewed 290,800 times since 11/13/1999..)eg is required. However, questions have been raised about the application of Herzbergs theory on diverse workforce. A few of the motivation factors may lead to dissatisfaction and a few of hygiene factor may result in satisfaction (Gardner, 1977, p. 197). It is totally based on individuals or groups requirement. Implementation of Motivational Theories It is an important aspect of a managers job profile to keep the employees motivated towards the organizational goals. A manager should understand the needs of both the organization and the employees and should try to align them so as to get favorable results. Despite having a lot of Motivation theories , managers still face a lot of problem in motivating their employees and one major factor behind this is the global workforce having altogether different values and beliefs

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Photographers probably take more pictures of people than any other subject. Whether you prefer carefully posed (and composed) photos or more of a candid style, there are a variety of lenses in the Canon EF system that can produce excellent results. Traditionally, photographers have relied upon moderate telephotos for portraits, lenses such as the 85mm f/1.8 USM or 100mm f/2.0 USM. These lenses allow you to back off a little bit from your subject, and still produce frame-filling shots while minimizing the amount of background distractions. Furthermore, they're extremely sharp and fast — ideal for low-light conditions. Zoom lenses such as the 28-105mm f/3.5-4.5 USM, which include these focal lengths, work well in situations where you have a bit more available light. In situations where you want to interact with and control your subject, and minimize the effect of your background, short-to-moderate telephoto lenses may be the ideal choice. Longer telephoto lenses may be preferable if you are outdoors and can stand farther back from your subject, and are the lenses of choice if you prefer a candid approach. Zooms like the 75-300mm f/4-5.6 (especially the IS version, with its Image Stabilization that permits sharp hand-held shots in lower light levels), or the professional L-series 70-200mm zooms, are versatile choices that allow you to back off and also tend to throw backgrounds out of focus — a useful technique that pros have used to concentrate upon the subject. Fixed focal length telephotos, like the superb 135mm f/2.0L, 200mm f/2.8L, or 300mm f/4L IS, combine these benefits with outstanding sharpness and autofocus speed. Don't forget that sometimes including more background in a photo to lend a sense of "place" and tell the viewer something about the subject can be extremely effective. Wide-angle lenses, often ignored for portraits, can be an excellent way to communicate this if you're willing to move in relatively close to your subject.

The Fight for the Ordination of Women in the Roman Catholic Church Ess

It is a well-known fact that women of the Catholic Church have been excluded from holding important leadership roles throughout history. While the more subordinate women of the early Catholic Church once accepted this view, Catholic women around the world are now challenging it. Multiple secular and religious influences over the last few decades have empowered women to find their voice and speak out against this long-standing tradition of discrimination (Henold 15). Despite all of the debate and the shortage of priests, the Catholic Church has not waivered in its belief against the ordination of women into priesthood. To gain a better understanding of this debate, one must examine the history and aspirations of the Catholic feminist movement, as well as the reasoning behind the church’s decision to uphold this long- standing tradition. In the early days of the Catholic Church, strict guidelines were placed on women to ensure that they were pure, domestic, and submissive. They were expected to conform to the model of the â€Å"eternal woman† by giving up any personal desires and surrendering themselves to God (Henold 25). This ideal woman was portrayed in a publication called The Eternal Women, which was written in 1934 by a German historian by the name of Gertrud von Le Fort (Henold 26). Le Fort expressed that women were assigned the duty of sacrifice, and while men had to sacrifice as well, it was not in their nature. It was expected that a woman must surrender to her husband in all aspects of life, including decisions pertaining to child bearing (Henold 27). She used the Virgin Mary as an example of surrender, by explaining that Mary surrendered herself to God when accepting her role as the mother of Jesus (Henold 27). ... ...ntinue fighting for equal rights even when faced with excommunication. The Vatican issued a statement in May of 2008 saying that all women priests and the bishops who ordained them would be excommunicated (â€Å"Roman Catholic†). Despite countless threats to supporters, the Association of Roman Catholic Women Priests is gaining support as they continue to ordain women into priesthood and establish congregations around the globe. It is difficult to predict what the future holds for the women of the Catholic Church. Although they have found success in some areas in their fight for equality, the Vatican has remained consistent in its refusal to allow the ordination of women into priesthood even into the present day. It is evident that no matter what decisions are made in the future, this will continue be a topic of constant debate and tension in the Catholic Church.

Beauty by Susan Sontag

â€Å"The privileges of beauty are immense† said Cocteau. To be sure, beauty is a form of power. And deservedly so. What is Lamentable is that it is the only form of power that most women are encouraged to seek. This power is always conceived in relation to men; is not the power to do but the power to attract. †¦. or renounced with out social censure. † – here she states that beauty is a power that us women or men have naturally, we have the power to attract what we want and don’t want. For the Greeks, beauty was a virtue: a kind of excellence. Person then were assumed to be what we now have to call–lamely, enviously–whole person†¦.. beauty would be matched by beauty of the other kind† -here she explains how theirs two types of beauty the â€Å"inside† beauty and the â€Å"outside† beauty. In Susan Sontag informative piece entitled â€Å"Beauty† she discusses her logical thoughts of the beauty of a women an d a men, and of how beauty has changed over the centuries. Susan uses Logical appeals to evoke her philosophy of beauty.She says â€Å"The privileges of beauty are immense† said Cocteau. To be sure, beauty is a form of power. And deservedly so. What is Lamentable is that it is the only form of power that most women are encouraged to seek. This power is always conceived in relation to men; is not the power to do but the power to attract. †¦. or renounced with out social censure. † Here Susan states that beauty is a power that us women or men have naturally, we have the power to attract what we want and don’t want.She as well mentions, â€Å"For the Greeks, beauty was a virtue: a kind of excellence. Person then were assumed to be what we now have to call–lamely, enviously–whole person†¦.. beauty would be matched by beauty of the other kind† Which here she explains how theirs two types of beauty the â€Å"inside† beauty and the â€Å"outside† beauty. Susan is very informative with her logical examples that she makes a clear point in the passage, about beauty has changing through out the centuries but â€Å"inside† beauty and â€Å"outside† beauty remains the same. Beauty by Susan Sontag â€Å"The privileges of beauty are immense† said Cocteau. To be sure, beauty is a form of power. And deservedly so. What is Lamentable is that it is the only form of power that most women are encouraged to seek. This power is always conceived in relation to men; is not the power to do but the power to attract. †¦. or renounced with out social censure. † – here she states that beauty is a power that us women or men have naturally, we have the power to attract what we want and don’t want. For the Greeks, beauty was a virtue: a kind of excellence. Person then were assumed to be what we now have to call–lamely, enviously–whole person†¦.. beauty would be matched by beauty of the other kind† -here she explains how theirs two types of beauty the â€Å"inside† beauty and the â€Å"outside† beauty. In Susan Sontag informative piece entitled â€Å"Beauty† she discusses her logical thoughts of the beauty of a women an d a men, and of how beauty has changed over the centuries. Susan uses Logical appeals to evoke her philosophy of beauty.She says â€Å"The privileges of beauty are immense† said Cocteau. To be sure, beauty is a form of power. And deservedly so. What is Lamentable is that it is the only form of power that most women are encouraged to seek. This power is always conceived in relation to men; is not the power to do but the power to attract. †¦. or renounced with out social censure. † Here Susan states that beauty is a power that us women or men have naturally, we have the power to attract what we want and don’t want.She as well mentions, â€Å"For the Greeks, beauty was a virtue: a kind of excellence. Person then were assumed to be what we now have to call–lamely, enviously–whole person†¦.. beauty would be matched by beauty of the other kind† Which here she explains how theirs two types of beauty the â€Å"inside† beauty and the â€Å"outside† beauty. Susan is very informative with her logical examples that she makes a clear point in the passage, about beauty has changing through out the centuries but â€Å"inside† beauty and â€Å"outside† beauty remains the same.

Michelangelo’s David

Introduction: I. Michelangelo’s David A. First supporting information for the sub-topic 1. Description of Michelangelo’s masterpiece 2. Detail of the statue of David B. Renaissance Period 1. European civilization 2. The story of David II. Political Implications A. First supporting information for the sub-topic 1. The artist 2. influence of the ‘contrapposto’ style B. The symbol of Renaissance sculptures 1. â€Å"Great and Heroic† 2.Michelangelo saw himself as a master III. Timeless Art A. Michelangelo's work of art 1. Florentine humanists 2. Medieval supernaturalism B. Predominant social philosophy 1. The practical measure of all things 2. The worship of beauty ? THESIS Michelangelo’s David, is the most timeless and famous work of art of the renaissance period. Not only was the outcome of the art work a masterpiece, but also the artist himself was one of the most influential people within that time period.The work of Michelangelo influenced hi story. An entire civilization was affected by the creation and the symbolism of Michelangelo’s David. Michelangelo’s David Annotated Bibliography Keliner F. S, Gardner H. , ; Mamiya C. J. (1995) Gardner’s Art Through the Ages: This book presents a detailed depiction of the art work and events that surrounded Michelangelo’s statue of David. It includes a historical timeline that parallels the influence that works of art had in the renaissance era.It describes the artistic events that changed history in such a way that you can get the essence of what went on at the time. Also, in the text itself, it gives definitive explanations to what is happening at the time so that you can understand fully what the artist is saying or where he is coming from. Gill A. (2004) Il Gigante: Michelangelo, Florence, and the David 1492-1504: This book is a well-researched work of history, from a political and artistic point of view.I find the author's technique of bringing the reader into Michelangelo's world very effective. The author demonstrates concretely how Renaissance politics and maneuvering affected Michelangelo on many levels. The history described in this story is very detailed and supports my thesis. Scigliano E. (2005) Michelangelo's Mountain: The Quest for Perfection in the Marble Quarries of Carrara: This book contains the story of Michelangelo's search for the stone he wanted, his continuing relationship with the city where he found it, and that city today.Only recently the seventeen foot tall statue of David was restored, and the world was reminded of all its beauty. The author reminds us of the risks taken by quarrymen and by Michelangelo himself as they worked together to find the perfect stone, one that would do justice to Michelangelo's vision. Wallace W. E. (1998) Michelangelo: The Complete Sculpture, Painting, Architecture: This book includes very detailed pictures accompanied comments and/or information about Michelangelo’s David.This five volume series reproduces about 100 articles and close to one hundred photographs in each volume. CONCLUSION Michelangelo’s David was not just a carved sculpture of a great man. Michelangelo's David embodied the very meaning of the word renaissance. The statue of David was the reason for the fame and fortune that followed this great artist. The influence of this particular piece of Michelangelo is so great that there have been many a replicas of the original installed all over the world.

Major Assignment

This assignment must be done in pairs; individual assignments will not be accepted. Preferably. You must select a person from within your tutorial group as your assignment partner. 3. Your assignment MUST be word processed. Hand written assignments will NOT be accepted. 4. Ensure that your names, ID No's, tutor's name and tutorial day and time are stated clearly on the cover page, which can be downloaded from Model. 5.A penalty of 10% will be deducted each day or part thereof that the assignment s late. Check late assignment policy. 6. Use proper in text referencing, footnotes and a bibliography. Popularized/copied assignments will be awarded a ZERO (O) mark, 7. 8. 9. Font size of 12 should be used with single line spacing. Word limit for this assignment is 1500 words. All answers will have to be submitted into TURN-IT-IN on model on the due Case Article: Read â€Å"Whininess seeks mining lease extension† by Archon Ala, Fiji Sun 5th March, 2013. [A copy of the article is attac hed on next page] RequiredCompile a based on the following questions, in light of reading the case article and relevant readings. In writing your answers, you may provide quotes from the article to support your answer. Assume that you and your partner have been appointed as consultants and have been requested by the investors of Asia Pacific Resources Limited to provide them a business report in regards to the following: * Explain which underlying ‘accounting assumption' is managing director Mathew Hugging most concerned about and the reasons for his concerns.I * â€Å"For the investors, the Government and the landowners the only way in which to earn income from Whininess is by operating the mine. † * Clearly explain how each party would earn income from the Whininess mine. I * Evaluate whether ‘exploration costs' for mining companies' are assets? Why or why not? I * Evaluate whether the land on which the Whininess Mine sits, is an asset of Asia Pacific Resources Limited or the landowners. * * Evaluate whether the company would have a liability in regards to the damages to the environment as a result of mining.

Soc Theory Paper

‘it is always the doctors patient’ This paper will be discussing the struggle of allied health practitioners to achieve professional status. This health issue can be discussed under many different sociological theories however Feminism in particular sociological/ Marxist feminism with touching on post modern feminism also, shows great understanding around the health issues and gives an understanding of the way of health and health care in Australia.It explains how medical dominance in this field overrights the Allied health professional through subordination the allied health professionals being under direct authority of doctors in the hospital system in particular. Feminism also shows that in this field Allied health practioners are predominantly woman and medical professionals hold a patriarchy over allied health and the sexual division of the two. Finally closing point of how many womens health issues in past and present are again predominantly male.Medical dominance, â€Å"the professional dominance of medicine due to doctors† (Fridson 1970). Allied health profressionals struggle to receive professional status in the health industry, due to the fact that doctors and medical professionals hold dominance and â€Å"power† over those knowledge based practioners in an area of a specific field. Medical dominance has a few areas in which it exerts control, subordination being a key area, it ensures some health care workers Eg Nurses, OT’s etc all to work under direct authority of doctors, especially in hospital system (Willis 2004).Sociological feminism looks at the â€Å"ruling class† system, Medical professionals hold the hiearchy position or the upper class level with higher wealth, income funding and power, Allied health is placed in the lower class or the working class due to the fact that they are controlled or dominated by the upper class or the hiarchy or the industry, as they receive less funding and have little co ntrol over receiving their patients due to the fact that doctors write the referrals for the clients to access the allied health professionals.Another issues amoungst allied health in the power struggle with medical dominance is the fact that most allied health positions are filled with females. Because of â€Å"the informal role of woman was to be the carer â€Å" ( Germov 2009), a woman is seen to this begun woman gaining positions as nurses or midwives, as these are seen as caring roles or ‘womens’ jobs’ which then progessed to woman expanding into allied health positions as the access of education became greater to woman,

Case study epistemological issues

Case study epistemological issues This document may shortly examine problems and different components in-development study. I'll provide the meanings of improvement and used study and also the part of the previous towards the latter to begin. Consequently, I'll clarify border configurations and the epistemological problems in-development study. I provide their benefits and drawbacks and will also explain the study methods. Furthermore, I'll supply factual statements about rigor in-development study- connection and its structure to credibility. And also to determine, I'll provide, my own perspective, in several phrases overall study procedure in-development circles. Used study is understood to be a kind of research or unique analysis completed in order to get new understanding. "It's, nevertheless, aimed mainly towards objective or a particular useful goal ". (OECD, 2002: 78). About the other hand, improvement is described by Haynes (2008: 1) as "a vital measurement of individual existence, interpersonal relationships, politics, economics, and tradition". Improvement is generally from the socio economic development of group or a person of people. Provided these meanings, I will state that used study to development's part would be to supply findings and results that'll reply a particular question about improvement through the procedure of containing fresh details or possibly verifying current statements. Often, findings which are discovered legitimate are utilized from the investigator like a foundation of his/her tips that's aimed towards the control being included in the study. Various establishments such as the government, NGOs educational age ncies, etc.-can make use of the understanding that is acquired to be able to create smart choices which are meant for the development and improvement of culture. Plan-related analysis is just a typical instance of used research in-development. Plan-related analysis is conducted whenever a specialist really wants to collect info on a particular policy-to understand whether the policy works well and effective; to understand in what manner the policy could be improved; to recognize its influences on particular populace; to calculate its expenses and advantages to culture, etc. Potter and Subrahmanian (1998: 19) noticed that "various policies need various study concerns to become requested to be able to acquire outcomes that'll usefully advise these guidelines". In my own comprehension, this means that for every info that there is a specialist trying to find, there's an equal issue he or she needs to request originally. If he/she'll not have the ability to produce suitable concerns that'll create productive solutions the investigator won't have the ability to obtain the understanding he/she wants in working with a particular plan. The investigato r should also use resources and an appropriate technique within the study. Improvement can be an important aspect of our daily life. Educational posts, books and individual encounters reveal it is today a rising problem of culture and that improvement is definitely an essential component outside and inside the house. In my opinion that a broad selection is of complicated issues contained in our culture which hinders improvement. Thus, we require a multiple- procedure that is interdisciplinary like used study that's effective at coping with these issues. Study in development lately gave birth that I guess in handling issues of improvement is more matched. This involves involvement of and conversation between and one of the various stakeholders in procedures for example facilitation, cooperation and settlement which may be accomplished through the usage of various study methods where numerous stakeholders are regarded as stars. The investigator that's to possess understanding about the specific topic his aim is discovering is basic in virtually any type of study in-development. It's worth mentioning that every bit of understanding the investigator obtained has its source. Based on Kanbur and Shaffer (2007: 185), "epistemology may be the department of viewpoint which reports the character and statements of understanding. Variations in epistemological strategy underlie a typical difference within the viewpoint of social technology between essential concept/ and positivism, hermeneutics methods hermeneutics that are critical ". Sumner and Group (2004: 3) describes that "epistemology offers the philosophical underpinning-the reliability-which legitimizes understanding and also the construction to get a procedure that'll create, via a 'demanding' strategy (comprising the entire selection of study techniques), solutions that may be thought to be legitimate, trusted/replicable and representative/common". Nevertheless, there are how understanding is obtained numerous other balances and that I consider this like a demanding problem in epistemology. Conversations on epistemological stances change from one writer to a different thus the distinction between Kanbur and Shaffer (2007) wording which recognizes just three epistemologies specifically, positivism/empiricism, hermeneutics/interpretative and essential concept/critical hermeneutics and also the post of Schwandt (1994) including four, incorporating yet another named social constructionism. I'll briefly examine within the next sentences all of the stances described in both posts to become neutral. Among the epistemological methods in-development research may be the positivism strategy that is empiricism. This method is linked to the methodological position. It's understood to be "an investigation strategy based on a statement-centered design for identifying the reality or credibility of understanding statements by which "brute information" are designated an unique part" (Kanbur and Shaffer, 2007: 185). This strategy thinks that a real possibility is really available that requires to become established from the investigator which understanding isn't produced but just confirmed through findings and assessments. Positivist scientists are noticed as specialists who utilize common techniques that create legitimate sights. Furthermore, this method is willing towards the usage of visible, considerable and statistical numbers named "brute information" in order match or to verify the present truth. Another approach interpretative strategy. As Kanbur and Shaffer (2007: 185) described, hermeneutics may be the "interpretative knowledge of intersubjective meanings". Unlike positivism, this thinks that the fact is developed by the data that will be made by interpersonal steps of people's understandings in culture attracted from low-statistical definitions. "to comprehend a specific cultural activity, the inquirer should understand this is that represent the action" (Schwandt 1994: 191). in my opinion that knowledge of a particular cultural action varies for each translator with no meaning may be the same and formerly existent. This can be an approach to decoding and code steps to be able to create understanding that'll represent reality. Interpretative scientists also think that there's not one facts that presents cultural measures. Moreover, these scientists aren't considered as specialists and what might be legitimate and accurate for just one may possibly not be exactly the same for that others. The 3rd epistemological strategy is known as the essential theory hermeneutics. This method is in certain methods much like hermeneutics strategy except that additional measurements were put into its main thesis. Based on Kanbur and Shaffer (2007: 185), "comprehension involves essential evaluation of provided values and ideas regarding some fundamental understanding of reality or credibility". Locating the truth and creating understanding is not only interpreting and understanding steps that are cultural or converting the vocabulary of one. It's crucial to get a specialist to carefully study phrases and those things of individuals that understanding has been removed. He or she should be ready to look for the factors behind various values that should be ready to understand the roots of those facts and flower from numerous truths. Furthermore, "[ ] enlightenment [ ] is definitely an important area of the procedure for request" (Kanbur and Shaffer., 2007: 185). Hermeneutics is extremely centered on discourses/stories. Through seeking clarification from the individual whom the state is originating from thus, to be able to acquire understanding, scientists within this strategy should understand the actual meaning of the vocabulary. This method evaluations the observer's part. Schwandt (1994) additionally recognized a few modifications between this approach and also the traditional hermeneutics strategy. Tendencies are considered caused encounters and by prior understanding which are not naturally past in an interpreter's top, consequently, it's something which CAn't be gone. Customs, your encounters and existing understanding of issues influence/situation the way in which we translate and believe cultural measures. It's subsequently difficult for an interpreter to 'obvious' his/her brain before knowing a specific social activity. The final epistemological approach that compete for that interest of the low-positivist followers may be the social constructionist approach. Except that it negates the thought of illustration this method is nearly exactly the same using the two mentioned methods. "Cultural constructionist epistemologies try to 'conquer' representationalist epistemologies" (Schwandt, 1994: 197). this method thinks the individual brain don't simply translate or discover knowledge, instead, it generates it by creating versions, ideas along with other ideas utilizing our encounters, customs, prior knowledge, methods, etc. in a nutshell, we create knowledge based on what we all know and find out, hence, reality/the reality is observed via a person's contact. Methodology is definitely an essential requirement of study in-development. For each epistemological position, a related methodological toolkit is that's utilized by a specialist. The investigator should be ready to use the best option method in order to complete a great research. You will find three stances in improvement and study - the combined and qualitative -technique questions. The two are very different of every other due to their basic values centered on epistemologies as the one that is next, being truly a mixture of both methods is said to not be easy to simply accept because of insufficient epistemological theory. Quantitative strategy is related to the positivist epistemology so that as reiterated by Hoy (2010: 1), quantitative study is just a "medical analysis which includes both tests along with other organized techniques that stress and handle and quantified steps of efficiency." He describes that dimension and data are crucial to quantitative technique since these would be the contacts between even the fresh findings or scientific and also the numerical term of the connection. "Quantitative scientists are worried using the improvement and screening of ideas and also the era of versions and also the ideas that clarify behavior" (Hoy, 2010: 1). A quantitative study technique is better employed for 'what' and 'what if' concerns also it employs calculating and modeling of statistical information whilst the supply of understanding. A specialist often uses detailed data like regression excitement, etc. additionally, because the positivist method is followed by this process, it involves looking and understanding of the common reality by researchers who're regarded as specialists. I discover generalizations were more centered on by quantitative strategy, stating that it's the situation for several related occasions and providing response to an issue. Quantitative sometimes appears gainful in ways that it's a type of research which may be ripped, thus, may create results that are equivalent. Nevertheless, quantitative reports could not be cheap and time consuming. Additionally, this method can't quickly achieve challenging/marginalized communities and delicate data are also tough to acquired (Bamberger, 2000). I think that quantitative strategy, being the first ever to be recognized within the study industry, continues to be probably the most broadly-employed strategy in-development reports at the moment. Nevertheless, I can't state that it's the very best approach to use or it's much better than the following two that I'll examine. Let us now go to the study technique. This method is not fairly old compared to quantitative technique. Hoy (2010: 1) explains qualitative study being an approach that "centers around in depth knowledge of interpersonal and individual behavior and also the factors behind such conduct. The technique depends upon the reported encounters of people through casestudies, fieldwork and analyses. Researchers have an interest in finding patterns of conduct, discovering fresh suggestions and comprehension. " Qualitative strategy is most often utilized by low-positivist followers. It has a tendency to reply 'why' and 'how' concerns. Qualitative researchers exercise participatory study methods which include semi-structured interviews, person statement, discussion analysis, target groups, participatory analysis, life-history studies, case studies, etc. this method is believed to create quicker results and in the same period, is cheaper than quantitative methods like reviews. Challenging communities for example ladies, kids, minorities, etc.-are more straightforward to achieve by using qualitative participatory procedures. Additionally, methods are flexible with respect to those groups' tradition. Moreover, numerous strategies can be applied by qualitative analysts to team or possibly people without imposing reactions in it. About the down-side, results of the qualitative study are said to not be simple creating trouble within responses' approval. Because of the undeniable fact that this pro cess is diverse, it's also usually well undocumented and consequently, CAn't be ripped and/ or be compared. Unlike quantitative, topics/individuals of the qualitative strategy are chosen without sample that's why generalization is difficult to achieve. Finally, this process is challenging to manage whether interviewer is imposing solutions towards the study issue (Bamberger, 2000). Unlike the study, this isn't a precise technology but an awareness procedure that creates numerous solutions which vary with respect to topic and the investigator. This method centers around particular instances and never generalize topics of the research. For analysts, truth and reality CAn't recognized or be created by calculating information, but instead by creating, talking, and interpreting. Along with quantitative methods, I'll examine shortly the 3rd methodological strategy in research in-development that will be named the multiple-method study. Multiple-technique study is just a phrase used-to explain an investigation that includes quantitative study inside a simple task. This tactic might make one of the most from the talents of both methods in addition to offset the flaws (Bryman, 2004). I'll no further sophisticated about the faculties of the strategy since I have currently offered the faculties of qualitative and quantitative. This mixture of quantitative methods may be used to triangulate results. A specialist may cross check results of the technique utilizing another way of another strategy. Additionally, a direct result a questionnaire or any quantitative technique could be analyzed thorough utilizing a qualitative technique like example, in depth interviews, FGD, etc. (Bryman, 2004). In research industry, multiple-technique has been more recognized at the moment. I guess studies happen to be obtaining the impact that multiple-technique strategy is contrasting and should be obtained absolutely while not centered on epistemology. Quantitative might help viceversa and qualitative study. Whenever a specialist can't depend on to either technique alone this could also complete the spaces. Further methods might be used, thus, can also be regarded as extra. Nevertheless, it's very important to keep in mind that this method is inferior to mono-method study. Moreover, performed and this however must be totally created since the quantity of techniques/techniques utilized in an investigation isn't an insurance this one may deliver a higher-quality result. Last although not minimal, scientists mustn't respect this being an approach that's globally relevant to all or any study issues in-development industry which it may reply all issues in-development industry (Bryman, 2004). Even though that stances mentioned above and the epistemological methods have other opinions on various and truth way of learning, in my opinion that study style is similarly important to all. Border-environment is just a thought that is related prior to starting using the real study that any strategy should consider. The drawing of limitations is essential allow the investigator to pick which of the problems are actually essential to ensure that he or she overlook the others that are less essential to the study and may concentrate on these. Nevertheless, a specialist utilizing whichever strategy he or she decided to use should, obviously, be sure on his/her goal because this is the research of his in performing the research /her quest for understanding. Based on Blackmore and Ison (1998: 41), limitations "help separate, simplify and concentrate on what's essential in a specific scenario". A few of the limitations which may be regarded would be the following: (1) visual precise location of the study; (2) individuals of the study; (3) the part of the researcher within the study; (4) expected ramifications of treatments; and, (5) the investigatoris obligation and responsibility (Blackmore et al., 1998). Some limitations might be less mental compared to others. Some observed as the others are conceptual intangible and could be quickly attracted. One problem in working with limitations is how available (or not) the investigator is as it pertains to altering or altering the limitations of his/her research. Scientists should always keep in mind that limitations aren't set; alternatively, they're determined by actions or the modifications of his/her research. For that tangible limitations, like the two factors provided above, alter and it's significantly more straightforward to produce. Nevertheless, for conceptual limitations, those that are subjective and intangible, it's just the opposite. It's the appropriate personalities who decide the limitations of the research and also the stakeholders. The explanation for this really is that since individuals have reasons and various views, they often set limitations that are various . Moreover, their ideas introduced by encounters and understanding influence individuals. Thus, actually two people faced with the exact same scenario will likely have distinct viewpoint about the issue. With all this reality, the investigator can't simply understand the limitations of one through his/her comprehension. (Blackmore and Ison, 1998). Border environment in-development study might truly appear boring and complex; nevertheless, it's one important area of the entire procedure. Another essential section of study in-development is credibility. It would appear that "of all of the ideas of cultural study, possibly none continues to be as essential so that as difficult as 'validity'" (Thomas, 2006: 118). centered on numerous scholarly texts I've read, which didn't really provide me a definite description of what validity is but instead offered me requirements and indications of credibility, I will state that the validity of the research frequently amounts towards the reliability or tone of its results whatever research technique the investigator decided to make use of. But what is really credibility? Maxwell (2005: 106) claims that "credibility send [s] towards the correctness or reliability of the information, summary, clarification, meaning, or different kind of consideration". In-development study, there is a legitimate summary essential. To be able to accomplish this, it's essential for a specialist to truly have a steady and guaranteed foundation for his/her suggestions. The investigator should not be unable to protect his/her summary by sufficient facts or comparable reports that warrant and will verify it. There are numerous credibility assessments that the specialist might choose to utilize, specifically: (1) intense long term participation, (2) abundant information, (3) participant approval, (4) treatment, (5) trying to find discrepant research and damaging instances, (6) triangulation, (7) quasi-research, and (8) assessment. Nevertheless, it's worth-mentioning that Maxwell (2005) discusses credibility as something which CAn't be confirmed since it is not absolute. Credibility depends upon who's currently considering what. If one individual allows the state of the investigator perhaps that's since he possibly he or /she'd exactly the same encounter using the investigator /she'd an identical evaluation of the issue. Individuals are crucial creatures that concerns and uncertainties understanding. Then just how can the investigator show that his/her understanding state is legitimate if this is actually the situation? How can credibility be achieved by a specialist in his/her research? As previously mentioned within the wording of Maxwell (2005), the investigator doesn't have method of understanding totally whether he or she grabbed credibility in his/her study. Nonetheless, he or she may cope with credibility risks for example reactivity and investigator bias. To be able to remove investigator opinion, he or she should cautious to not affect the investigation together with his/her morals, prior understanding, values, etc. However, sometimes, individual tendencies centered on these specific things are difficult to dismiss, hence, exactly what the investigator may do will be articulate and truthful about this with these recognized in his/her research. Likewise, reactivity can also be difficult to pr event. Who the investigator is, hence, influencing caused by the research in addition to the solutions of the individuals often influences individuals of the research. The study might not absolutely need to get rid of his/her impact. He or she should just understand how to comprehend it and utilize it an effective method (Maxwell, 2005). Rigor in-development research moves mutually using the credibility of outcomes of the study. We are able to state that there is research performed meticulously in both qualitative or strategy if it reaches its credibility, that's when the summary it created is recognized as legitimate. Nevertheless, within the post of Sumner and Group (2004: 13), it's created that "the foundation for statements to 'rigor' pertains to the way the methods [in strategy] are utilized; that poorly applied qualitative and quantitative methods can lead to incorrect findings and various methods match various reasons." Rigor begins from producing the study style to creating the study issue then choosing which resources to utilize in addition to which strategy to hire. It's also worth recalling the techniques and resources utilized in improvement study have their various talents and flaws, they're not similarly ideal for all study issues, thus, it's essential the investigator chooses thoroughly based on the ne ed of the study and not just since it may be the simplest to make use of or it's probably the most offered at the minute. Quantity of credibility and rigor varies for each technique/device utilized in either of both stances. When the investigator is regardless together with his/her selection of resources and technique, then your understanding he or she will create could not be legitimate and may possibly not be appropriate to a lot of. I'd prefer to provide shortly my thought on study in-development to finish. At the moment, the strain among scientists in-development industry keeps growing. They nevertheless claim about the primacy of strategy and epistemology they think in. the same as a number of other scientists available, I will neither state which one of the epistemological stances is the greatest one or explain which one of the methodological stances may be the exemplary someone to use for scientific tests. I consider that are efficient and similarly trusted. It's only of utilising the the way of a specific type of study issue an issue. Every technique has flaws and its talents, that's no strategy is ideal. Nevertheless, I understand that some of them may actually create a great-quality study so long as there's rigor of course if credibility risks are avoided.

Subsidies that intercollegiate athletic programs Assignment

Subsidies that intercollegiate athletic programs - Assignment Example In surprise, even the most successful programs receive huge amounts of money in the form of subsidies. A certain percentage of the student fees go to the general fund. Such central funds service subsidies to the Intercollegiate Athletic Programs (Killpatrick & Killpatrick, 2009). The small programs depend on student fees for their subsidies, instead of depending on the successful programs. This has led to a general increase in student fees in colleges that has raised concerns. Yes, athletics departments should be self-supporting. This is because they find access to well-paying television contracts. If there is proper management of the revenue, then the departments need to support themselves. In addition, they receive the ticket proceeds from large stadiums, where they collect the revenue from the sales. If the athletic departments develop a realistic budget, then they could easily have self-support. Some large athletic departments actually generate more revenue than they spend (Padilla & Boucher, 2007). This means that they do not need any additional money to fund their projects. Furthermore, if the athletic departments learn to be independent, then they are more likely to stabilize. This relates to the ability to remain financially stable even in times of economic slowdown. The worst concern is that even during an economic slowdown, some athletic departments do not lower their spending. This means that they have the capacity to become self-supporting and they need to become independent. The broadcasting rights have affected intercollegiate athletics in several ways. It has led to an increased generation of revenue. For instance, the NCAA generated over 80% of its revenue from the broadcasting contracts with TBS and CBS. Such income has led to the creation of a sustainable competitive advantage to intercollegiate athletics. Broadcasting rights are significant sources of

Companys IT & Competitive Advantage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Companys IT & Competitive Advantage - Essay Example The organizations and companies are under constant pressure of competition. First this competition was just with the local industries, organizations and companies, but as the world is coming closer and closer every day and is turning into a global village, the circle of competition has grown from local platform to the global platform. Now the firm of one country tends to compete with the firms of not only their own country but also the firms of other countries of the world.The use of information technology makes it a bit easier to compete. It makes them flexible and feasible, generates better productivity and yields better outcomes. It helps them far more than expected and is thought of in earning better profits, in fact even creating new sources of profits, which might include services like online business opportunities etc described by C Kenneth Allard (2004) such thatInformation technology can help a company to be less identifiable with all other related firms and be more differen t. It in fact can make a company stand out among the other competitors and can help it make and, more importantly, leave a mark of its own in the minds of the consumers, which goes a long way to help a company in achieving and maintaining competitive advantage.This is one of the major reasons why the statistics show a constantly increasing rate of growth in the part of the expenditure made on IT and its implications. In some of the areas, IT comprises as much as 50% of total capital investments.

A Review of the Costs and Benefits of Globalisation Essay

A Review of the Costs and Benefits of Globalisation - Essay Example It will also include the continuing debate over globalisation as well as the possible compromises and solutions. Lastly, it will present a brief observation on the progresses and achievements of globalisation thus far. Analysis of the Economic and Political benefits of Globalisation   Globalisation increases the use and transfer of science management competencies and products of science and technology, generating advantageous situations for underdeveloped and developing nations to acquire and build sophisticated technology, advancing their own management and organisation proficiencies, and perform the processes of industrialisation and modernisation (Amoore 2005). Globalisation builds favourable conditions to accelerate the adjustment of occupational arrangement within a nation. Every nation can gain advantage from the alteration of economic system to capitalise on its vantage points in the market. Globalisation generates positive circumstances for underdeveloped nations to take ad vantage of foreign investment for the conduct of industrialisation and modernisation, by making use of foreign and local assets efficiently (Ritzer & Atalay 2010). Globalisation builds an excellent condition for the formation of the global economy. The inputs from global information system, infrastructure, and advanced technology have enhanced business success and production efficiency, improved productivity, surpass problems of oversupply, and reduced prices (Stonehouse et al. 2004). An enlarged market brings about advantageous conditions for economic competition and alliance, giving rise to mutual growth and development. Globalisation builds favourable situations for every nation to...This essay offers a fact-based analysis of the benefits and costs of globalisation to political economies all over the world. There is also the continuing debate over globalisation as well as the possible compromises and solutions in the paper. Globalisation increases the use and transfer of science management competencies and products of science and technology, generating advantageous situations for underdeveloped and developing nations to acquire and build sophisticated technology, advancing their own management and organisation proficiencies, and perform the processes of industrialisation and modernisation. Globalisation builds an excellent condition for the formation of the global economy. The inputs from global information system, infrastructure, and advanced technology have enhanced business success and production efficiency, improved productivity, surpass problems of oversupply. Support for globalisation remains pervasive, particularly when multilateralism is perceived an element for reinforcing social values and norms. Specifically, the compromise between global action and local independence remains authentic. Every nation has to adapt its political economies to global policies in order to incorporate into the global economy, take part in global markets, exploit capital, and enhance human resources and technology. The benefits of globalisation rely on global regulations and standards. It implies that every nation has to confront the demands of the local and global economy and negative aspects of the market economy.

POLICY ANALYSIS - CONTRACEPTIVE COVERAGE Assignment

POLICY ANALYSIS - CONTRACEPTIVE COVERAGE - Assignment Example I have reviewed actuarial studies, empirical evidence, and public programmatic efforts regarding contraceptive coverage in order to determine the cost to the consumer, to employers, and general costs incurred within the healthcare system. Annually, it is known that public funding for contraceptive coverage aids in the prevention of almost two million unplanned pregnancies, including approximately 400,000 teen pregnancies (Bertko et.al, 2012). Therefore, 860,000 unintended births, 810,000 abortions, and 270,000 miscarriages are prevented annually; also, those who receive public funding are typically eligible for Medicaid prenatal, delivery, and postpartum services (Bertko et.al, 2012). As a result, for every dollar spent for public funding of birth control, there is a cost savings of four dollars because unplanned births do not occur (Bertko et.al, 2012). In comparison of 15 different types of contraception, it was determined that the copper-T IUD offered the most cost savings over a five-year period, at $14,122 (Trussell et.al, 1995). Oral contraceptives during the same period cost $1,784 and saved $12,879 per person, while also preventing 4.1 unplanned pregnancies (Trussell et.al, 1995). Although contraceptive coverage costs $100-600 annually, the risk of pregnancy drops from 85 percent to 9 percent with birth control pills and under one percent for patients who use the IUD or hormone implant (Liebman, 2014). Over a two-year period, contraceptive methods yield cost savings in the range of $5,907 - $9,936 (Sonnenberg et.al, 2004). At the same time, the cost of payout for a vaginal delivery is $18,329 and $27,866 for a C-section (Liebman, 2014). It is also anticipated that if employers do not provide contraceptive coverage, they will end up paying an additional 15-17 percent due to the costs associated with pregnancy and childbirth (Awhonn, 2009). In 2013, women who had prescriptions for birth control pills saved an

Andrew Jackson and the Tariff or Bank Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Andrew Jackson and the Tariff or Bank - Essay Example Jackson’s problem with the Second Bank started when he noticed that the Bank controlled most of the country’s financial issues; loans, monetary notes, and deposits. According to Jackson, this was a threat to his re-election since it manipulated the voting patterns and the electoral process. He settled with the decision of seeing to it that the Bank is shut down. The Bank noticed the move Jackson was plotting against it making it to initiated counter moves. The Bank embarked on negotiating for an early four-year re-charter from the Congress which succeeded. However, Jackson and his team formulated a veto against the re-charter when it came time for its approving it. Jackson supported his decision by reiterating that the Bank’s policies were contrary to what the government promoted equality, fairness, and honesty. The veto went to Congress which, unfortunately, was unable to overturn it. After the polls, Jackson was again determined to destroy the Bank by withdrawi ng governments fund from it. That was done through the Treasury ordering all government deposits be put in state banks (Sauers & Weber 14). Jackson’s conflict with the Bank resulted in a nationwide panic when the Second Bank stopped giving out loans. Although Jackson was protecting his self-interest, it was at the cost of the country which suffered in turn. His fellow Democrats were terrified with his moves resulting in there demise from the party. All in all the moves against the Bank proved to be successful since it died in 1834 and Jackson  triumphed.

Value, satisfaction and behavioural intentions in an adventure tourism Essay

Value, satisfaction and behavioural intentions in an adventure tourism context - Essay Example The purpose of this review is to evaluateWilliam and Soutar’s research paper, â€Å"Value, Satisfaction and Behavioural Intentions in an Adventure Tourism Context† published in an Elsevier Journal in 2009, from an utilitarian perspective and therefore to assess their investigations’ contribution to the ongoing research on adventure tourism. Further this review will critically evaluate the validity and eligibility, in particular, of their research. In this regard, especially the literature review, method and analysis sections will be assesses and evaluated critically in search of any anomalies misinterpretations on the researchers’ side that might affect their findings. In their article, Williams and Soutar have investigated into the impacts of the adventure tourists’ value and satisfaction on the consumers’ consumption, decision-making and future intentions for the product of adventure tourism. In William and Soutar’s own words, the st udy is â€Å"an attempt to answer some of these questions and used a recognized services marketing framework to examine the relationships between adventure tourists’ perceptions of value, satisfaction and future intentions† (414). Though William and Soutar’s exploration into the interrelations between the adventure â€Å"tourists’ perceptions of value, satisfaction and future intentions† in both theoretical and practical frameworks from a â€Å"Multidimensional Perspective of Customer Value† perspective is not any novel exploration into the adventure tourism from the consumers’ perspective... The major trend of the scholars’ researches on adventure tourism remains focused on the achievement of the consumers’ attention through quality of service. But the consumers’ value as well as their perception of adventure tourism has remained unexplored. Referring to scholars like Baker and Crompton (2000), Botterill and Crompton (1996), Jayanti and Ghosh (1996) and others, William and Soutar contend that a significant number of studies on the â€Å"intangibility, dynamism and subjectivity† of the tourists’ consumptions as well as on the â€Å"functional, objective and tangible components† of consumerism in a tourist destination have been led by the researchers in the past years, there is a â€Å"lack of understanding about the nature of these experiences or their relationship with marketing constructs, such as service quality, customer value or satisfaction† (415). Being inspired by this research gap, William and Soutar attempt to pro vide his readers with a deeper insight into the behavioural nature of a tourist’s intention and choice for adventure tourism. For this research, William and Soutar mainly depended on the quantitative analysis of the data converted into numeric values. The collected the consumer value, satisfaction and intentions related data from on-spot adventure tourists who traveled â€Å"on four-wheel drive adventure tours to the Pinnacles in Western Australia† (419). They especially put emphasis on the particular functional and objective features, of the adventure tourist spot, such as the spatial and durational length of the tours, geophysical nature of the spot, safety and security, insurance for

A topic on software testing Thesis Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

A topic on software testing - Thesis Proposal Example Modern systems and products are largely based on ‘embedded systems’ to facilitate control, action and enhanced functionality. In fact, embedded systems used in these scenarios comprise both hardware and software components that work in a highly customized framework to achieve a specific workflow or operation. Although embedded systems are sophisticated computers, they seldom share or provide a similar interface like PCs and are capable of providing a highly dedicated and distinct functionality based on their structure and configuration.A typical application of embedded systems is in precision-driven measurement and control systems, wherein a particular process or parameter such as temperature is constantly monitored and measured through sensors, converted and delivered as a stream of digital signals and processed to modulate the regulation of the underlying process (heat controlled according to predefined constraints). Embedded systems are also in vehicles to measure car bon emissions through a sensory arrangement and processed through a feedback controller network to store and monitor the condition of the engine (Rajski and Tyszer). Over the past few decades, embedded systems have become integral parts of every notable electronic system including safety-critical components. For instance, embedded systems are used to control sensitive and critical functions such as aircraft navigation and ensure failsafe availability of financial networks.

The Claim of English women to the Suffrage Constitutionally Considered Essay Example for Free

The Claim of English women to the Suffrage Constitutionally Considered Essay 1.Classification a.Text type: This is an article published in the â€Å"Westminster Review† in 1867. b.Cultural and historical background: It dates back to 1867, Victorian period (1837-1901), which corresponds with the reign of Queen Victoria. This was an extremely exciting period, sometimes called â€Å"the second British Renaissance†. It was published after the amendment to the Bill presented by John Stuart Mill, backed up by 1500 signatures, including some of the most remarkable women at that time. His petition for women’s suffrage was rejected. c.Author: Helen Taylor was born in 1831. Her mother, Harriet Taylor, was particularly politically active, supporting women’s rights. As John Stuart Mill’s step-daughter, Helen helped him with his books and articles after her mother’s death. In 1865 Mill got a seat in the House of Commons and presented a petition in favour of women having the right to vote in 1866. His petition was defeated. In 1967 she published this article and she was a founding member of the London Society for Women’s Suffrage. d.Addressee: I think that this article was thought to act as a support document for the incipient women’s suffrage movement. She was preparing the ground for a more formal petition, as though Mill’s petition containing around 1500 signatures was turned down. She was echoing the women petition while societies demanding women’s vote were flourishing all around the country. I think this was intended to be a declaration calling for the women right to vote. 2.Analysis Miss Taylor first published it as an anonymous article in the â€Å"Westminster Review† in January 1867 and it was reprinted afterwards. She based her position on the idea that since women were fully allowed by English law to hold all kinds of properties, so they should to vote in the election of the Parliament representatives: â€Å"This petition [†¦] sets forth that the possession of property in this country carries with it the right to vote†. So it was that even American politicians fought against slave’s right to vote based on their inability to hold property. According to Taylor, it was â€Å"hard to see how, if the law of England endows a woman with property, it can, [†¦] deprive her of the essential privilege†. Following the legal positivism developed by thinkers such us Jeremy Bentham (Westminster Review founder), she based her claim on constitutional grounds stating that women were only asking for the recognition of rights that â€Å"flew naturally from the existing laws and institutions of the country†. She stressed the importance of this social movement, mentioning the number of women’s signatures (fifteen hundred) which backed up the official petition presented to House of Commons by Mr. J. S. Mill in 1867, demanding the vote for women. In addition, she set a 10 to 1 ratio. For each woman that signed the petition, there would be ten that also supported the idea but for several reasons, were not able to express themselves. She thought that it should be taken into account when considering the petition and signatories should be regarded as representatives of larger social body. She then referred to what she called â€Å"domestic despotism†, which did not allow women to openly speak their minds. Apart from grounding her petition on the British Constitution and the already recognized right to property and its management, she highlighted that women were perfectly adequate for the government and management as female sovereigns were. Ironically, Queen Victoria, was openly opposed to such kinds of political concessions to women. â€Å"Universal Suffrage† as the word said, implied the personal representation, which comprised both men and women. That brought up the theory of â€Å"class representation† according to which all mothers, wives and women were part of a very large group by virtue of their female condition. Again, she underlined the odd position in which laws placed women who were property owners. She described that as an â€Å"anomaly of the system†, as anyone entitled by law to hold and manage property, should also be able to take part in the political decisions, as they may have side-effects on their properties. She thought that this political exclusion was due to a prior period when women were not able to own properties and as a result, they were not included among the voters. English law â€Å"has long ago refused to drive women into marriage, as sheep are driven into a fold, by shutting every gate against them but the one they are intended to go through†, this comparison drew a very clear image of the kind of â€Å"anomaly† Taylor was talking about. Women needed to be able to protect their possessions within the legal frame, and one of the very first steps was to be given the right to choose their representatives at the Parliament. She also analyzed what would happen if this petition was admitted and the vote to women was granted. She thought that in a way, men were afraid of losing their decision power and that was why the objected to the petition. They should not be afraid of independent women, as they were already acting that way, governing their own lifes and properties. Occasionally voting, will not make any difference. Besides, she thought that politics at the time were full of â€Å"domestic† subjects, such as education, labour regulation, water supplies, etc. 3.Conclusion The Industrial Revolution (a period from 18th to 19th century) dramatically changed everyday’s life in the United Kingdom. Women taking part in the workforce with new kinds of jobs, tough working conditions, etc. were a challenge for the traditional idea of the women’s role, and its relationship with the environment. Traditionally the woman’s place was the house, children and home caring, playing an absolutely secondary role, subordinated to her husband. This article can be considered one of the major texts regarding the role of women in the Victorian society and the controversial right of women’s suffrage. Taylor made a unique contribution to the suffrage movement. Apart from playing an active founding role in different women’s suffrage associations with this article, she gave visibility to an old claim, organizing a widespread campaign getting thousands of signatures to back up the formal petition. In my opinion, Helen makes a mistake with regards to her consideration of the legal position of women and property, particularly in the case of married women. They were not able to exercise any rights over their property most of the times. It was their husband the one entitled to do so on her behalf. That â€Å"full property† she mentions as basic pillar for her theory is not such, except in the case of some widows and single women. However, Taylor was a pioneer in the movement for womens rights and her contribution was valuable in the battle for equality in the context of a shaky era such as the Victorian. This can be considered one of the milestones regarding the role of women, as it was one the early demands for womens suffrage in the United Kingdom.