Science with ICT

Introduction Literacy is one of the key aspects in career and personal development of almost every individual. It also determines the degree of success achieved by individuals. Literacy can be defined as the ability to read, write, understand or use different types of information. This term has been expanded to refer to a range of knowledge, and skills related to science, and mathematics, among other subjects. This reflects on the changes that have taken place in the last few decades not only on technology but also on the school curriculum.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Science with ICT specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Technology has gone through deep changes and this has resulted in the use of key science concepts across many occupations. Science has been recognized as one of the most important subject and has become an academic requirement for job recruitment in many occupations. The literacy levels have incr eased significantly compared to the past two decades and many people are now able to participate in the society and even to understand key issues affecting the society. Technology and science encompass all facades of life ranging from how people work, converse, do their shopping or pay out bills. It has become an important aspect of life without which is it difficult to live in the society. This paper looks at the importance of scientific skills and knowledge to an individual, society and the nation at large. It also looks at how the subject has developed from a traditionally to a modern perspective and changes expected to occur in future. Importance of scientific skills While theoretical arguments from the literature on science and innovation suggest that the set of skills scientist acquire during research process may not only be important input into other types of activities, it can be suggested that, the results of research studies have received by far the most attention in innov ation studies. The results show that scientific skills are indeed rated more important than propositional knowledge both for the categories of knowledge classified as specific as well as for non-specific knowledge categories. This indicates that methodological knowledge carries a higher potential for the creation of economic value in areas other than basic research (Terry 2006) The world has become complex and individuals have to acquire some level of proficiency in scientific knowledge as well as reading in order to comprehend and take part in economic and social life. The level of literacy in the society determines the performance of a country in economic terms. The world has also gone through substantial changes from what it was in the past generation. Moreover, through innovation in technology, the procedure for working has been altered, there has been an raise in global competition, and the labour market has developed from being agricultural based and it is now based on service s. These changes among many others have resulted in an increase in the requirement of skills in almost all sectors of the economy (Terry 2006). Scientific skills and knowledge have become a determining factor of how well a country performs in the global economy.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Countries with a large pool of scientific skills are better placed to deal with the challenges that come about with globalization. Also countries that have a population of strong literacy skills and knowledge are better placed to tackle the social challenges they are confronted with. It is alleged that, a populace with high scientific skills is in a superior position to meet the multifaceted challenges of governance in a diverse society. Such a population is also able to take care of its health problems and other related issues. Scientific Literacy Scientific literacy can be defined as the scien tific knowledge possessed by individuals and the application of that knowledge in identifying questions, acquiring new knowledge, explaining scientific happenings, and drawing convincing conclusions on issues related to science. It can also be defined as understanding the features of science, knowledge of science and technology and how it shape materials, and enthusiasm to participate in science correlated issues. This can be summarized in a single term as scientific knowledge. This keeps on changing with time depending on attitudes and skills. Scientific skills need to be updated as technology changes in order to be able to solve problems, make decisions in the rapidly changing world. Students need to become lifelong learners and uphold an intelligence of what goes on in the world. Although specific knowledge attainment is vital in school learning, the relevance of that knowledge in adult life depends critically on the individual’s attainment of broader perceptions and skill s. In reading, the capacity to develop interpretations of written material and to reflect on the content and qualities of text are essential skills. In sciences, being able to reason quantitatively and to correspond to relationships or dependencies is more significant than the ability to answer well-known textbook questions when it comes to deploying scientific skills in everyday life. In science, having specific knowledge, such as the names of specific plants and animals, is of less value than an understanding of broad concepts and topics such as energy consumption, biodiversity and human health in thinking about the issues of science under debate in the adult community. Teaching Science Subject In the present information age that is fuelled by technology, students need not only to understand the concepts and processes of science, but also how to apply the scientific skills acquired in class to become effective members of the rapidly changing world of the 21st century. To be scient ifically literate, a student has to possess a set of scientific skills that merges the knowledge of science concepts and facts and the ability to use language to communicate about these facts. It is therefore the responsibility of teachers to ensure that their students are able to internalize scientific habits, for instance the ability to separate opinion from fact. If students are to become influential adults of the 21st century, who are capable of making informed decisions and taking effective actions, then they must be able and willing to absorb scientific habits into their pattern of thoughts so that such habits become part of their thinking even after leaving school.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Science with ICT specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The possession of scientific skills and knowledge has become an important asset in the present generation and it is clear that, it might become more important in the near future. Educators therefore have an opportunity of merging the teaching of both science and language literacy in order to strengthen the students’ skills. Studies have revealed that children’s language can be developed through science and increased knowledge of languages is positively related to the development of scientific ideas. Moreover, researchers have found out that students learn science better if they are able to read and write about their thinking and through this process they are able to acquire new ideas and relationships with prior knowledge. This integration between science and language may also provide a feedback to the writer and encourage personal involvement. Science and language have therefore become inseparable subjects in the learning of scientific facts and also in the application of scientific skills and knowledge. These reciprocal skills give teachers and students a unique leverage: by merging science and language in the classroom, teac hers can help students learn both subjects more effectively. Scientific Skills and Experiments Through research, it has become clear that students learn better when they experience something by doing it practically instead of reading it in class or from the text-book. When students act like scientists, they make use of language to recognize, organize and internalize scientific concepts and principles. Science is a practical subject that can only be understood clearly through experiments. Experiments provide literacy opportunities for science students that help them enrich the context and effectively expand their personal structures of science knowledge by improving their language skills. Research has shown that true learning takes place only when students engage with information and processes deeply enough to weave that content into their personal views and understandings of how the world works. The use of experiments or practical applications gives equal weight to knowledge and ski lls, scientific facts, and processes. It emphasizes concepts more than rote formulas and learning science in a personal and social context rather than through abstractions (Ward, et al 2008). Teachers must rely on students’ language skills if they are to succeed in taking students beyond the formulaic aspects of science. By embedding an inquiry within both the context of students’ lives and string science content, and then sequencing investigations as part of a larger curricula design, teachers can reach their instructional goals for science and English at the same time.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Introduction of Science as a Core Subject The introduction of the science subject into the curriculum was faced with many challenges. However, it is one of the success stories of the National Curriculum. The biggest surprise for many teachers, especially the primary school teachers, was the inclusion of science as a core subject. Since its inception, the progress in terms of the amount and quality of science work going on in primary classrooms has changed considerably. A valuable aspect of the development of science has been the increasing interest in and understanding of the nature of children’s learning in science. The framework for analyzing learning of skills and processes, knowledge and understanding and attitudes, articulated by early science curriculum developers remains appropriate in the current climate. However, research carried out in 1990s provided new insights into the relationship between these dimensions (Meadows 2004). Most of the scientific research is aimed at addressing the question of how young children learn to behave scientifically and how their scientific ideas about the world around them develop. Research project have pointed out that learners actively construct ideas for themselves and that existing ideas that student bring to the classroom have s significant influence on the development of new ideas. They place emphasis upon the inextricable links between the process skills students’ use and the concepts they develop. Scientific activity involves exploratory work, which ideally will lead to questions that can be investigated systematically. Crucially, these approaches take children’s existing ideas seriously, using them as the basis for deciding upon appropriate teacher interventions aimed at supporting learners in using their skills and the processes of science to test out their own or other people’s ideas. Before the introduction of science as a core subject in the school curriculum, good practice in scie nce was evident in some classrooms and schools. However, with the introduction of science as a core subject, teachers have become competent at identifying opportunities for science experiences for their students within the classroom and beyond. They are now able to plan appropriate science activities within an integrated curriculum as well as focusing at times on specific science topics (Meadows 2004). The debate concerning the relationship between process and content, skills and knowledge and understanding, have been ongoing for many years. Government intervention in the curriculum has led to the science education community becoming a much more unified voice seeking to defend the importance of process and skills in the curriculum. It has not been an easy battle and has not been one with some set-backs; however the profession has somehow won. Science Curricula in the 21st Century In the past century, the content of science curricula was dominated by the desire to provide the foundat ions for the professional training of a small number of scientists and engineers. However, with the growing role of science and technology in the 21st century, the objectives of personal fulfilment, employment and full participation in the society require all people (not only those aspiring for scientific careers) to be scientifically and technologically literate. Science literacy has become an important aspect in the understanding the environment, economy, and other issues affecting the modern society, which are directly related to the technological and scientific advances. In the past, science was a subject that was only studied by people aspiring to be scientists or engineers but with the changes brought about by technology, it has become a subject that is studied by all people of all ages. it does not matter the career that one aspires to specialize in, but mere knowledge of scientific facts and aspects is crucial if one wants to become an effective member of the society. Moreov er, a country’s performance of best students in scientific subjects may have an implication on the part played by that country in the future’s advanced technology sector, and in its global competitiveness. On the contrary, deficiencies in scientific literacy can have negative consequences on the labour market, earning prospects and participation in the society. As a result, educators and policy-markers have attached great importance in the study of scientific subjects in the school curriculum. Most of the science subjects such as chemistry, biology, and mathematics have compulsory for students in many schools unlike before when students were allowed to choose for themselves and it did matter whether they decided to take any science subject or not. Addressing the increasing demand for scientific skills requires excellence throughout the curriculum, and it is important to monitor how well countries provide young adults with fundamental skills in this area. The Future of the Science Subject The role of science subjects and consequently, the role of science educators in the curriculum have undergone evident changes within the last few years. The past two decades have seen an ongoing debate on the future of science subject in the school curriculum. The argument that sciences can no longer be retained in the traditional manner within the curriculum holds true. As the curriculum evolves, conventional courses should give way to new system of basic science instruction, recognizing that transformation in the classical ideology of basic science teaching is crucial to its subjects sustaining their position within the new curriculum. Indeed, the concept of transformation brings with it, the contemplation of identity within a new environment of schools (Ward, et al 2008). With a dissolution of input-based curricula that nurtured the traditional format of basic teaching, the challenge that now presents is that of teaching an old subject in a new world. Educator s have a growing responsibility therefore, to produce well-educated, competent scientists who are able to professionally and effectively function within the new environment. They should be able to translate scientific discoveries into practical applications and utilize electronic information technologies. A basic science course is defined by its objective in providing fundamental scientific theories and concepts necessary for application in later years. Traditionally, subjects included anatomy, physiology, biochemistry and pathology. The current teaching model includes genetics, cell and molecular biology, nutrition, and energy metabolism. Basic science subjects that have traditionally been pure content are now being utilized in order to incorporate the new trend toward holistic education. Holistic education is aimed towards encouraging intellectual, social, creative and emotional development during the learning process. One of the major factors impacting on the style of teaching is the concept of learning towards a more active learning environment. In this situation the students can learn to restructure the new information and their prior knowledge into new knowledge (Terry 2006). Changes in the approaches to science teaching are paralleled with advancements in technology. The development of more powerful computers, video cards, simulation technology and high speed internet connections has allowed educators to incorporate high quality imaging, interactive training modules, and learning experiments in the classrooms. Conclusion Science is a core subject in the curriculum. It is one of the subjects that have acquired great importance not only in the development of individual life but also the development of the society at large. Traditionally, science was only pursued by students who aspired to take scientific careers such as doctors and engineers. However, with technological advancement this has changed and every student is required to take at least one scienc e subject. It has been found out that, scientific skills and knowledge are important in career development as well as the development of a nation. A country with students that perform well in science subjects is better placed to deal with the challenges that are likely to present themselves in the near future. It has also been found that, basic scientific knowledge and skills are important in dealing with issues related to health or matters of public policies. Many organizations therefore require the possession of basic scientific skills in their recruitment process. Science has gone through substantial changes in the curriculum and its still evolving. Before the introduction of science as a core subject, teachers relied entirely on the text-book but this has changed. They have now realized that; science does not only require the understanding of basic aspects and facts but also how to apply these aspects in a real life situations. Experiments have now become an integral part in the teaching of the science subject and teachers are now relying on the use of experiments to help students understand the subject better. Changes in technology are likely to bring about changes in the approaches used in teaching and it’s therefore upon policy makers and educators to implement such changes as they occur. Reference List Meadows, J., 2004. Science and ICT in the Primary School: A Creative Approach to Big Ideas. London, Fulton. Terry, J., 2006. Thinking Skills Science. London, Hopscotch Educational. Ward, H. et al., 2008. Teaching Science in the Primary Classroom. London, SAGE Publications Ltd. This essay on Science with ICT was written and submitted by user Samiya Fleming to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

A Sample Outline For Persuasive Essay

A Sample Outline For Persuasive EssayWhen writing a persuasive essay you must first have a sample outline for a persuasive essay. Your outline will tell you what to write about and in what order. It is the backbone of any persuasive essay. It is often the first thing that your reader will read before you ever finish the piece.So it should be written and ready to go. You want your outline to flow from your list of words and phrases to your conclusion. This is how you will get the best out of the material you write.A sample outline for a persuasive essay will include a resume of your topic, questions to ask and a conclusion. As you read your outline, remember that it should be organized so you can easily find your way through it.A good outline should include one or two sections and be formatted to fit within a page. As you go along, you will want to expand to include additional details. This will make your writing more effective.Your outline should also be designed to be able to tell y our story. It should allow you to give a detailed description of your argument and show how you were able to use several key arguments to convince your reader.It will also help you tell a compelling story to your readers. It should allow you to tell a simple story so they will be able to relate to it and empathize with you.An outline for a persuasive essay is a tool that will help you in writing effective persuasive pieces. A sample outline will give you a good idea of what you should do. You will be able to get the best out of your writing by knowing what to include in your outline.

Free Essays on Freemasonry

The Fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons is the oldest, largest and most widely known fraternal organization in the world. Volumes have been written about it. Yet, to many people, Freemasonry remains a mystery. This summary is an attempt to relate some of the facts of Freemasonry that may be of interest to all. HISTORY Freemasonry traces its ancestry to the operative crafts, which, records indicate, were introduced into England as early as 674 A.D. Freemasonry is directly descended from those associations of operative craftsmen, primarily the Cathedral Builders, of the middle Ages. These men, because of their special knowledge and skills, were permitted special travel privileges and traveled from country to country employing the secrets and skills of their craft. These Master Craftsmen developed means of recognition and identification of their work. In the Seventeenth and early Eighteenth Century, as Cathedral Building came to an end, numbers of these operative stone Mason guilds or Lodges began to accept as members good men who were not stone Masons or directly connected with the builders' craft. These were called Accepted or Speculative Masons. Gradually, the Lodges came to be composed almost entirely of these Accepted or Speculative Masons. From these groups, the Freemasonry of today had its beginning. GRAND LODGES In 1717, four Lodges of Freemasons, meeting in London, England, formed the first Grand Lodge of Freemasons in the world. The Grand Lodge chartered Symbolic Lodges and Provincial Grand Lodges in many countries, including America, France, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Denmark, the Netherlands, and others. Today, there are more than 150 Grand Lodges in free countries of the world with a membership of more than six million Masons. The Grand Lodge is the administrative authority in its territory, known as a jurisdiction. MASONIC LODGES The basic unit of all Grand Lodges is the Masonic Lodge, somet... Free Essays on Freemasonry Free Essays on Freemasonry The Fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons is the oldest, largest and most widely known fraternal organization in the world. Volumes have been written about it. Yet, to many people, Freemasonry remains a mystery. This summary is an attempt to relate some of the facts of Freemasonry that may be of interest to all. HISTORY Freemasonry traces its ancestry to the operative crafts, which, records indicate, were introduced into England as early as 674 A.D. Freemasonry is directly descended from those associations of operative craftsmen, primarily the Cathedral Builders, of the middle Ages. These men, because of their special knowledge and skills, were permitted special travel privileges and traveled from country to country employing the secrets and skills of their craft. These Master Craftsmen developed means of recognition and identification of their work. In the Seventeenth and early Eighteenth Century, as Cathedral Building came to an end, numbers of these operative stone Mason guilds or Lodges began to accept as members good men who were not stone Masons or directly connected with the builders' craft. These were called Accepted or Speculative Masons. Gradually, the Lodges came to be composed almost entirely of these Accepted or Speculative Masons. From these groups, the Freemasonry of today had its beginning. GRAND LODGES In 1717, four Lodges of Freemasons, meeting in London, England, formed the first Grand Lodge of Freemasons in the world. The Grand Lodge chartered Symbolic Lodges and Provincial Grand Lodges in many countries, including America, France, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Denmark, the Netherlands, and others. Today, there are more than 150 Grand Lodges in free countries of the world with a membership of more than six million Masons. The Grand Lodge is the administrative authority in its territory, known as a jurisdiction. MASONIC LODGES The basic unit of all Grand Lodges is the Masonic Lodge, somet...

Qu saber antes de pagar una fianza migratoria

Qu saber antes de pagar una fianza migratoria Si un familiar o un amigo que no es ciudadano es detenido podrà ­a quedar en libertad mientras se resuelve su caso mediante el pago de una fianza. Pero,  ¿quà © esperar en estos casos y quà © obligaciones se tienen si se deposita la fianza? En este artà ­culo encontrars toda la informacià ³n necesaria sobre fianzas de inmigracià ³n y su diferencia con las penales. Asà ­Ã‚  sabrs quà © esperar y quà © hacer en el caso de que se fije una fianza y decidas salir de fiador para obtener asà ­ la libertad de tu ser querido. Si una persona extranjera es detenida, qu tipo de fianzas pueden fijarse para que quede libre mientras no se resuelve su caso? Hay dos tipos de fianza que hay que tener en consideracià ³n y que son muy distintas.  Fianzas criminales, que son reguladas por el estado y se dan en los casos en los que una persona -ciudadana o extranjera, legal o indocumentada - es detenida y se le acusa de un delito.Y las fianzas de inmigracià ³n, que son reguladas por la ley federal y son civiles. Esto es, no se ha cometido un delito. Se fijan para lograr la libertad de un indocumentado que ha sido arrestado o detenido  pero no se le acusa de ningà ºn crimen (estar ilegalmente en Estados Unidos no es un delito, es una violacià ³n de las leyes migratorias).Es fundamental  saber de quà © tipo de fianza se trata. Ya que asuntos importantes como por ejemplo la forma de pago son distintos.  ¿Quà © hay que saber sobre  las fianzas criminales?Cualquier persona que comete un delito ser detenida. Dependiendo de la gravedad se fijar o no una fianza.Como regla general, si a la persona a la que se acusa de haber cometido un delito es extranjera y el crimen tiene la calificacià ³n de agravado (aggravated felony en inglà ©s) entonces como regla general no se fijar una fianza. Asà ­ sea una persona con estatus legal, como residente permanente o tenga una visa vlida.En los dems casos en los que el delito no es agravado se fijar o no una fianza atendiendo a factores como: Que la persona detenida no presenta ningà ºn riesgo para la comunidad. Para esto se tiene en cuenta el historial delictivo, si lo tuviera.  O si se ha rehabilitado.  Si hay razones para sospechar de que hay un riesgo de que se desaparezca   y no se presente cuando sea citado por la corte. Aquà ­ se tiene en cuenta por ejemplo si tiene familia en los Estados Unidos. Qu pasa cuando se pide una fianza criminal y hay tambin un hold de Inmigracin? Cuando una persona extranjera comete un delito puede suceder que se le fije una fianza criminal (por el delito).  Pero adems puede suceder que la fianza criminal tenga unida un hold de Inmigracià ³n. Esto generalmente quiere decir que cuando se resuelva el asunto delictivo, el caso pasar al ICE.   Con lo que la persona quedarà ­a detenida.Es por eso que en estos casos en los que se da al mismo tiempo la fianza criminal y el hold de inmigracià ³n es muy importante consultar con un abogado para ver cul es el mejor camino a seguir  antes de pagar la fianza criminal. Se trata de evitar pagar la fianza criminal pero no lograr la puesta en libertad de la persona, debido a que lo retiene Inmigracià ³n. Cundo se da el caso de una fianza de inmigracin? Cuando se detiene o arresta a una persona indocumentada pero que  no se ha cometido ningà ºn delito. Un extranjero que est detenido por ser ilegal pero no ha cometido ningn delito tiene derecho a que se le fije una fianza y tras su pago quedar libre hasta que se resuelva su caso? No, no siempre es posible. Se miran las circunstancias de cada caso, particularmente si tiene alguna posibilidad de arreglar su situacià ³n. Quin puede fijar la fianza de inmigracin? Un oficial del ICE, que es la agencia del gobierno encargada de arrestar o detener a extranjeros. Si el ICE no la fija en ocasiones se puede solicitar un audiencia ante un juez de inmigracià ³n.  Tambià ©n en algunos casos ser posible ir a una audiencia (hearings)  ante un juez para intentar obtener una rebaja en monto de la fianza fijada por el ICE.    ¿Cunto se demora de media el tiempo para presentarse ante Corte de inmigracià ³n? Cuntos tipos de fianzas de inmigracin hay? Una, que se conoce con el nombre de formulario I-352 del ICE. Pero admite cuatro variedades: G(1), que es lo que se conoce como Delivery Bond. Es la ms comà ºn.G(2), que se conoce como Public Safety Bond, para garantizar que si el extranjero es puesto en libertad y causa algà ºn gasto pà ºblico, el gobierno va a recuperar ese dinero.G(3), que se conoce como Voluntary Departure Bond.G(4), que se conoce como Order of Supervision Bond, o por sus siglas en inglà ©s OSUP. Garantiza que una persona extranjera se presenta ante un oficial del ERO cada vez que se le cita. Si se paga una fianza de inmigracin tipo delivery bond, qu es lo que se est garantizando? Este es probablemente el tipo de fianza migratoria ms frecuente. Su objetivo es  que la persona extranjera que ahora est detenida quede libre al pagar la fianza y pueda vivir con su familia y consultar ms libremente con un abogado mientras se decide su caso. La persona que paga este tipo de fianza migratoria se compromete a que el detenido que queda en libertad: Se va a presentar a TODAS las audiencias (hearings) para las que tenga una cita en la Corte de Inmigracià ³n. Si no se presenta, se enviar al obligor (la persona que salià ³ de fiador en la fianza)  un documento conocido como I-340 (Notice to Appear). Eso quiere decir que debe presentar en corte en la fecha que se le indique a la persona extranjera por la que ha dado la fianza. Si no lo hace, no podr recuperar la fianza. Y el extranjero tendr en su contra una orden de deportacià ³n dictada en absentia.Que va a comunicar todos los cambios de domicilio ySobre todo se garantiza que si al final se dicta en su contra una orden de deportacià ³n que va a salir del paà ­s dentro del plazo seà ±alado. Y es que cuando un juez ordena la remocià ³n de una persona esto no quiere decir que se le lleve de la Corte al aeropuerto y se le envà ­e ya a su paà ­s. Se puede apelar la orden de deportacià ³n de un juez. Si no se hace o se pierde la apelacià ³n entonces la persona que firmà ³ la fianza como obligor recibir el formulario I-340. En à ©l se le dir el dà ­a y la hora en la que debe entregar a la persona para la que dio la fianza para que sea deportada. Si no lo hace, perder el dinero de la fianza. Qu se garantiza con una fianza de inmigracin de la variedad voluntary departure? Se le da la opcià ³n de dejar los Estados Unidos dentro de un periodo de tiempo. Si efectivamente se cumple y se abandona el paà ­s dentro de la fecha fijada podr recuperarse la fianza.  Si el ICE o un juez fijan una fianza de inmigracià ³n,  ¿quià ©n la puede pagar? Se puede depositar la fianza de dos formas: Directamente un familiar o amigo del detenido que es ciudadano o residente permanente legal.En este caso hay que pagar la fianza al completo.A travà ©s de un agente (bondsman) o compaà ±Ãƒ ­a autorizados a negociar fianzas de inmigracià ³n.   Cunto cuesta contratar una fianza de inmigracin con un agente? Si se acude a un agente para el depà ³sito de la fianza de inmigracià ³n se est haciendo un contrato de la modalidad que se conoce como surety bond. Es un contrato que funciona de la siguiente manera. El agente (bondsman) garantiza a la Corte que el detenido, si dejado en libertad con fianza, se va a presentar a la corte y en su caso saldr del paà ­s si es ordenada la deportacià ³n. Por su parte,  el familiar o amigo del detenido  garantiza  al bondsman que el detenido asà ­ har.Sà ³lo se puede hacer este tipo de contratos con un agente o una compaà ±Ãƒ ­a que es a su vez agente de una aseguradora que tiene crà ©dito con el gobierno de Estados Unidos y que est autorizada a dar fianzas migratorias.   El costo de las de tipo migratorio puede ser muy diferente de agente a agente. Pero generalmente est entre el 15  y el 20  por ciento el premium inicial (el pago que se hace al principio).Una vez que se paga  el premium, eso no se  recupera. Es el costo del servicio. Por ejemplo, si la fianza es de $5,000 y el premium es de un 20  por ciento, pagas de costo inicial $1,000. Pero puede haber ms costos.  Por eso antes de contratar es importantà ­simo pedir precio a ms de un agente y  de preguntar, entre otras, lo siguiente:  ¿Hay que pagar por aplicar? ¿Existe costo de renovacià ³n anual y si lo hay, cunto es? ¿Existe un mà ­nimo de aà ±os que se est obligado a renovar  aunque el caso se acabe antes? ¿Cà ³mo se fija el costo que hay que pagar? ¿Es un porcentaje del total del monto de la fianza o es una cantidad fija? ¿Hay que  pagar una tarifa por implementacià ³n? Qu pasa si la persona que quiere ser fiador para que dejen en libertad a su ser querido no tienedinero para pagar el premium? Dependiendo de las  circunstancias y del bondsman, en algunos casos es posible financiar. Si se contrata con un bondsman para el pago de una fianza de inmigracin, se tienealguna responsabilidad econmica si la persona detenida al quedar en libertad no cumple con la Corte o con la orden de deportacin si llega a dictarse? Sà ­, si el detenido queda en libertad y a lo largo del proceso no cumple (por ejemplo, se ordena su deportacià ³n y no se va de Estados Unidos) entonces hay  que pagar por la totalidad de la fianza. En el ejemplo anterior la fianza se fijaba en  $5,000, y al contratar con el bondsman se pagaron  en concepto de premium inicial $1,000.   En caso de incumplimiento de la persona garantizada el fiador tendr que pagar  al bondsman los $4,000 restantes. Pero, cmo se garantiza el bondsman que se levaa pagar? Pues porque en el momento de firmar el contrato con el bondsman para que à ©ste procediera al depà ³sito del pago de la fianza se determinà ³ el  colateral. Qu es el colateral? Para pagar una fianza de inmigracià ³n a travà ©s de  un bondsman no sà ³lo se abona el premium inicial sino que hay que dejar  un colateral. Es una garantà ­a que sirve  asegurary  que el bondsman no pierde dinero en el caso de que  la persona para la que se da la fianza no cumple con su obligacià ³n de presentarse a las audiencias en corte o cumplir en su caso con una orden de deportacià ³n. En este caso  el bondsman no podrà ­a  recuperar la fianza, entonces va a cobrar ejecutando sus derechos sobre el colateral. Cunto puede ser el colateral? Pueden pedir que se garantice con el colateral la totalidad del dinero pedido como fianza, de hecho, eso es muy frecuente. O tambià ©n pueden solicitar una cantidad menor, como el 50 por ciento.Sin embargo, particularmente en esos casos de colateral no completo debe examinarse bien el contrato e incluso compararlo con lo que ofrecen otras agencias de fianzas. Hay que leer todo, incluso la letra pequeà ±a.Porque lo que a primera vista puede parecer una buena oferta, puede resultar a la larga que es caro. Por ejemplo, porque se pone como condicià ³n una prima de renovacià ³n anual muy alta o por un nà ºmero de aà ±os mà ­nimo que puede superar a los del caso. Qu puede darse como colateral? En realidad cualquier cosa de valor que acepte el bondsman. Generalmente va a ser una vivienda de la que se tiene tà ­tulo de propiedad, el auto, cualquier tipo de bienes raà ­ces, bonos del tesoro, etc. Algunos agentes incluso admiten el crà ©dito de una o varias tarjetas de crà ©dito, pertenecientes a una o varias personas. Cundo dura el colateral, es decir hasta cundo los bienes dados como colateral estn sujetos a esa obligacin? Hasta que la Corte notifica al bondsman que ya no tiene esa obligacià ³n. Es decir, que el caso se ha cerrado definitivamente y ha acabado de alguna de las siguientes maneras: Permitià ©ndose al inmigrante permanecer en Estados UnidosHa salido del paà ­s deportadoHa salido del paà ­s voluntariamente, en los casos en los que es posibleHa fallecidoLleva 30 dà ­as o ms detenido por un asunto local, estatal o federal. Una vez que se produce la notificacià ³n se har el papeleo para cancelar  el colateral. Cunto tiempo tarda la persona detenida en ser puesta en libertaduna vez que se paga la fianza? Depende del lugar donde està © detenida. Puede ir desde una hora a  a seis u ocho. Si sefirmaun contrato de fianza de inmigracin con un bondsman, cules son lasobligaciones? Pagar el premium inicial.Pagar el premiun de renovacià ³n anual si lo hay.Asegurarse de que el inmigrante acude a todas las citas con la corte y, si finalmente es acordada una deportacià ³n, que realmente se presenta para proceder a la misma.Responder con los bienes seà ±alados como colateral por la totalidad de la fianza de inmigracià ³n si el inmigrante al quedar en libertad no cumple con sus obligaciones de presentarse en corte   y cumplir con las à ³rdenes de un juez de inmigracià ³n, particularmente la de deportacià ³n, si es que llega a dictarse. En qu casos no se va a permitir una fianza? Cuando exista una orden de deportacià ³n previaCuando el detenido haya cumplido una condena por un delito de al menos un aà ±o en prisià ³nCuando se crea que hay un riesgo de no presentarse a las audiencias en corte o a una cita con un oficial de inmigracià ³n.Cuando se considere que es un riesgo  para la comunidad o para la seguridad de los Estados Unidos. Es posible que una persona que acaba de cruzar ilegalmente la frontera y es detenida pueda ser puesta en libertad despus de pagar fianza? Va a depender del caso. En la mayorà ­a ser muy difà ­cil. Pero desde luego que no es imposible. Si ya hay una orden de remocià ³n dictada contra el detenido, se complica la cosa, ya que sà ³lo ser posible si se lograr reabrir el caso, para lo cual hay que contar con un abogado.Si todavà ­a no hay orden de remocià ³n y se cree que puede haber una chance para tener un caso de inmigracià ³n, como por ejemplo tener un caso razonable de asilo, lo mejor es contactar con un abogado de inmigracià ³n de la zona en la que està © el centro de detencià ³n (Esta es la base de datos de abogados, se puede buscar por especializacià ³n y ubicacià ³n).  Si no se tiene dinero se puede checar con la pgina web del Bar Association del Estado y ver si ofrecen servicios pro bono para estos casos o con organizaciones sin fines de lucro como Catholic Charities. Qu sucede si ni el ICE ni el juez de inmigracin sealan una fianza? La persona detenida seguir estndolo, incluso por mucho tiempo hasta que se finalice su caso. O en algunos casos puede aceptar las alegaciones del ICE en su contra y obtener asà ­ una expulsià ³n (remocià ³n) de los Estados Unidos rpida. Antes de tomar una decisià ³n es muy conveniente meditarlo bien y conocer todas las posibles consecuencias, de una decisià ³n o de la otra. Qu es ELMO? Es un monitor electrà ³nico en forma de brazalete que se pone alrededor del tobillo. A veces para ser dejado en libertad es necesario llevar uno. Si la persona que lo lleva se aleja de su casa, sonar una alarma. Puede interesarte Si la persona que queda libre bajo fianza recibe una citacià ³n para presentarse en Corte pero se ha mudado a otro estado, resultndole complicado desplazarse puede entonces solicitar un cambio de corte migratoria. En casos de detenciones es importante contar con una buena asistencia legal. Esto es de promedio lo que cobran los abogados de Inmigracià ³n. Nota En esta pgina hay mucha informacià ³n sobre inmigracià ³n. Se puede utilizar la opcià ³n de search, en la parte superior, para buscar ms informacià ³n. Si no encuentras lo que buscas, infà ³rmate aquà ­ sobre cà ³mo proponer un tema para que se escriba un artà ­culo sobre à ©l. Lo dicho en este artà ­culo tiene sà ³lo carcter informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal. Para asesorarse, por favor contactar con un buen abogado reputado en el lugar en el que se reside.

Violations of Securities Laws Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Violations of Securities Laws - Assignment Example with insider sales, potentially more opportunities for insiders to sell their shares, decreased burden on counsel or trading compliance officers who would have make subjective determinations on the availability of non- public information (Johnson 56). The ramification of those who violate this rule are judicially constructed. In addition, the Congress passed the PSLARA that would encourage the voluntary disclosure of information by corporate issues, empower the investors so that they may exercise primary control over their private securities litigation and encourage plaintiff to pursue valid claims and fight abuse claims. Under Rule 16b of the Exchange Act , with respect to any company whose securities are registered on a NSE, enforces certain restrictions and obligations on the company’s directors and every beneficial owner of more that 10 percent of any call of equity security as those presumed to have access of inside information. As a trader, this rule is beneficial as it helps to prevent the unfair use of information which may be gotten by the beneficial owner by reason of the relationship that is present with the issuer. The ramification for those who violate the rule allows allow a stakeholder to file a derivative suit that will help recover such profit (Federal Securities Law Reporter 66). If this is not implemented or they refuse to bring such suit within sixty days, there will be no requirement for the share holder to own any shares at the time of the insider trading. Federal Securities Law Reporter: Federal Regulation of Securities : Laws, Regulations, Forms, Rulings and Decisions, Currently Supplemented and Indexed. Chicago, Ill: Commerce Clearing House, 1964. Continually updated

Differences Between Rural and Urban Emergency Medical Services Essay

Differences Between Rural and Urban Emergency Medical Services - Essay Example Frontier areas are the most sparsely populated areas of the United States. According to the 2000 U.S. Census, this area covers about 56% of the land and 3% of the U.S. population, and includes rural farm land, natural resources, national parks, and military installations (2000 Update, 2002). There are more miles of rural roads than any other type of roadway in the United States, and it is on these roads that around 60% of fatal accidents occur. In keeping with the 60% fatality figure, "rural" is defined as anything bordering population centers of 5,000 or less (Complexity, 2004). The challenge for EMS in responding to a crash scene becomes greater in rural areas because of geography, distances, and budget constraints. The Traffic Safety Center reports that, "on average, the rural area EMS response times come dangerously close to exceeding that critical window of opportunity beyond which mortality rates rise drastically" (Complexity, 2004, par. 19). This period of time is known as the "Golden Hour," and the ability of EMS to arrive at the scene in time becomes a factor in whether a fatality occurs. Comparing urban and rural EMS is difficult because of differing urban-rural population characteristics and roles for rural ambulance teams. A comparison of services in Nebraska, for instance (Stripe & Susman, 1991) showed a higher percentage of elderly in the rural county, almost twice that of the urban area. Similar advanced life support measures were applied in both rural and urban areas. In North Dakota, an assessment made between 1999-2001 (Rural Emergency, 2002) showed that EMS in rural areas were experiencing significant problems due to: 1. Sparse populations over large geographic areas. 2. State and local governments in rural areas with lower capacity for funding through taxes. 3. Rural economies having difficulty maintaining and upgrading services. 4. Dependency of rural EMS on volunteer personnel, not always fully trained or sufficiently available. Third party payers such as Medicare tend to view EMS as a transportation service, not a medical care service. Although the public has been aware of EMS's medical capabilities since the early 1970s, many third party payers continue to be oblivious of them after 30 years of EMS successes (Emergency: Future Challenges, 2006). Accelerating Factors Affecting EMS The safety net of the EMS is further affected by an "aging population, increased number of automobile injuries and an explosion of crime-related injuries in metropolitan areas. . . . [and] injuries from farm, industrial and outdoor sport accidents have overburdened EMS systems" [in rural areas] (Chang et al, 2001, par. 1). Reliance on volunteers in rural areas is far greater than in urban areas and the volunteer pool is becoming depleted. Primary revenue streams for EMS are fees for service (Medicare, Medicaid, private insurance, private pay, and special services contracts. EMS is largely a locally financed enterprise, and financing of rural and frontier EMS is a particular problem because of low volume of calls in relationship to overhead costs of full-time preparedness (Center for Health, 2001). Federal and state level education resources

Effect Of Temp On Endo And Ectotherms (metabolism) :: essays research papers

Animal metabolism consists of the utilization of nutrients absorbed from the digestive tract and their catabolism as fuel for energy or their conversion into substances of the body. Metabolism is a continuous process because the molecules and even most cells of the body have brief lifetimes and are constantly replaced, while tissue as a whole maintains its characteristic structure. This constant rebuilding process without a net change in the amount of a cell constituent is known as dynamic equilibrium (Grolier1996). In the combustion of food, oxygen is used and carbon dioxide is given off. The rate of oxygen consumption indicates the energy expenditure of an organism, or its metabolic rate (Grolier1996).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Metabolic rate is directly linked to the core temperature in an animal. An ectotherm, or cold blooded animal, warms its body mainly by absorbing heat from its surroundings. The amount of heat it derives from its metabolism is negligible. In contrast, endotherms derive most or all of its body heat from its own metabolism (Campbells,p899). Because ectotherms do not produce their own heat, they cannot actively ensure their ideal temperature for an ideal metabolic rate (aquacult.htp).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the following experiment, we will attempt to examine the relationship between metabolic rate and environmental temperature in both an ectoderm and an endotherm. I predict that for the ectotherm, the metabolic rate will increase as the outside environment temperature will increase. I also predict that the metabolic rate in the endotherm will remain relatively the same as the outside environment temperature changes. I also make the prediction that the ectotherm will have much lower metabolic rates than the endotherm.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The procedures for this experiment are those that are referred to in Duncan and Townsend, 1996 p9-7. In our experiment however, each student group chose a temperature of either 5 C, 10 C, 15 C, or 20 C. Each group selected a crayfish, and placed it in an erlenmeyer flask filled with distilled water. The flask’s O2 levels had already been measured. the flask was then placed in a water bath of the selected temperature for thirty minutes, and then the O2 levels were measured again. Each group shared their findings with the class. The metabolic rates of the mouse were conducted by the instructor and distributed. We also did not use the Winkler method to measure the O2 levels. We used a measuring device instead.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The results of this experiment are shown in the compiled student data in Table 1 below.